Although this is not an episode of Yazawa san.
The Japanese musicians to play rock music.
It was not their original song.
It was a cover song of Western music basically.
Musicians to play original rock music songs by Japanese language.
When it appeared.
"Rock music by Japanese language is allowed?”
Controversy like this happened among the people who like rock music.
"Original is present in the other side of the sea."
Relationship of blues music and rock music at the UK.
Just maybe，it might be close.
・・・・・・・・・
"Rock 'n' roll."
Yazawa san appeared with rock music by Japanese language.
It was a headwind of course.
This is things when he was fighting against it.
(It's episode of more than 30 years ago.)
"I want to be BIG."
"I want to make money.”
He said so.
Headwind was strengthened further of course.
But he has achieved it.
"Everyone must bend their beliefs in order to live.
There is its case absolutely.
However，I don't want to do it absolutely.
I want to carry out my belief absolutely.
So，I want to be BIG.
So，I want to make money."
・・・・・・・・・
"There is a graph here."
Yazawa san said.
"If you want to achieve graduation of positive 5.
Graduation of negative 5 come with it always.
If you want to achieve graduation of positive 10.
Graduation of negative 10 come with it always.
If you don't want to make enemies.
Please you don’t anything.
Positive is zero but negative is also a zero."
Well, 2013 currently.
Musician who made the concert most at the Budokan.
It's Yazawa.
Wednesday 31 July 2013
Tuesday 30 July 2013
destination of the soul
Peter Barakan san of music critic of the British people who are active in Japan.
New Orleans funk and soul music etc.
Nice music that Japanese don’t know much.
He taught it to us.
He also has published of Japanese language about soul music.
I like his writings.
(Of course Japanese language)
I listened to its musics by reference to his book.
・・・・・・・・・
Although this is relying on my memory.
Barakan san said.
"When I was a child.
(at the UK of course.)
Many black music has been included in the album of the Beatles and Stones.
I liked those songs.
And they told us in detail about its their affected music.
Two or three people in the same class of the school.
There were people who are listening to such music as well as the Beatles and Stones.
I began to listen to black music with them."
This seems to have been his starting point.
"That is the difference between the UK and Japan."
Yoichi Shibuya san of music critic.
He laughed to hear it.
(I also like his writings.)
"Two or three people in the same class of the school.
They were listening to the Beatles."
・・・・・・・・・
The Budokan concert of the Beatles was a great success.
But rock music was not yet common at Japan.
About ten years later from this concert.
Situation in Japan had changed a lot.
But rock music was still the music of the West only.
"Rock of Japan.(lol)"
Such sense of Japanese people was still common.
Yazawa san appeared at that time.
New Orleans funk and soul music etc.
Nice music that Japanese don’t know much.
He taught it to us.
He also has published of Japanese language about soul music.
I like his writings.
(Of course Japanese language)
I listened to its musics by reference to his book.
・・・・・・・・・
Although this is relying on my memory.
Barakan san said.
"When I was a child.
(at the UK of course.)
Many black music has been included in the album of the Beatles and Stones.
I liked those songs.
And they told us in detail about its their affected music.
Two or three people in the same class of the school.
There were people who are listening to such music as well as the Beatles and Stones.
I began to listen to black music with them."
This seems to have been his starting point.
"That is the difference between the UK and Japan."
Yoichi Shibuya san of music critic.
He laughed to hear it.
(I also like his writings.)
"Two or three people in the same class of the school.
They were listening to the Beatles."
・・・・・・・・・
The Budokan concert of the Beatles was a great success.
But rock music was not yet common at Japan.
About ten years later from this concert.
Situation in Japan had changed a lot.
But rock music was still the music of the West only.
"Rock of Japan.(lol)"
Such sense of Japanese people was still common.
Yazawa san appeared at that time.
Monday 29 July 2013
i want to hold your hand
There are musician named "Eikichi Yazawa" in Japan.
Concert of the 20th anniversary from Elvis Presley's death.
Its concert was held at Wembley Arena.
He appeared in this concert as Asia representative.
"Everyone did not know me at that time of course."
Later he said so.
"Yazawa come on！"
Person who sang along with Rod Stewart san.
That's him.
"san"（さん） is honorific title of Japan
・・・・・・・・・
Yazawa san was born around the time World War II was over.
Boyhood,he was shocked to the Beatles flowing from the radio.
"I also want to be the Beatles."
He longed to Beatles.
He was a fan of Paul McCartney san in particular.
He played a base guitar and formed a band.
(main vocal was also his.)
Name of that band was "Carol".
This band was like Cavern Club era or Hamburg era of the Beatles.
He became a rock star of Japan's first in the wake of this band.
・・・・・・・・・
There is a well-known concert venue called ”the Budokan”. (武道館)
Literal translation of the Budokan is Hall of martial arts.
Artists who made the first concert here was the Beatles.
Although it is funny story if it becomes now.
"Hall of the sacred martial arts of Japan.。
Western people do a concert in its holy place.
We do not allow it absolutely."
Opposition movement such was made.
Of course，the concert took place without any problems.
Enthusiastic fans greeted them.
Concert of the 20th anniversary from Elvis Presley's death.
Its concert was held at Wembley Arena.
He appeared in this concert as Asia representative.
"Everyone did not know me at that time of course."
Later he said so.
"Yazawa come on！"
Person who sang along with Rod Stewart san.
That's him.
"san"（さん） is honorific title of Japan
・・・・・・・・・
Yazawa san was born around the time World War II was over.
Boyhood,he was shocked to the Beatles flowing from the radio.
"I also want to be the Beatles."
He longed to Beatles.
He was a fan of Paul McCartney san in particular.
He played a base guitar and formed a band.
(main vocal was also his.)
Name of that band was "Carol".
This band was like Cavern Club era or Hamburg era of the Beatles.
He became a rock star of Japan's first in the wake of this band.
・・・・・・・・・
There is a well-known concert venue called ”the Budokan”. (武道館)
Literal translation of the Budokan is Hall of martial arts.
Artists who made the first concert here was the Beatles.
Although it is funny story if it becomes now.
"Hall of the sacred martial arts of Japan.。
Western people do a concert in its holy place.
We do not allow it absolutely."
Opposition movement such was made.
Of course，the concert took place without any problems.
Enthusiastic fans greeted them.
Sunday 28 July 2013
convenience
"Possible number as the annual tribute of this land.
It is 2000 bales up."
Kinjiro had confident like that from results of the survey.
But Annual tribute actual was set to 4000 bales.
(Around the early 18th century.
100 years ago of this era.)
"This is Annual tribute rate of 100%."
Probably，farmers feeling would have been so at that time.
Of course they were not able to pay the Annual tribute.
・・・・・・・・・
Although I thought suddenly.
Establishment of the Tokugawa regime was early 17th century.
Annual tribute rate of this hundred year.
That number was what?
If it had the Annual tribute of 4000 bales from previous.
Their situation would have worsened already.
But it was not so.
This land was the enclave of the Odawara clan originally.
Or this was a territory of the other lords.
I also do not know it now.
Anyway，it may be this land was not land of evaluation of the 4000 koku originally.
(Its size was equivalent with 4000 koku of high rank region surely.)
"The Odawara clan does branch of the Utsu family at prestigious in 4000 koku."
Just maybe,this assumption was present at the first place.
"At prestigious in 4000 koku."
This might have been very important.
Match the reality to their own convenience.
・・・・・・・・・
Going back to.
Annual tribute rice of specified amount.
They became not able to collect it quickly.
Farmers does escape from their territory.
Its incident also began occurs frequently.
Cause was obvious.
"We should reduce our Annual tribute rate to catch up with the current situation."
Finally they reached this conclusion.
However，it was not so.
For example，"Housing also convert as the field of Annual tribute target."
They tried to ride out at this situation by unreasonable tax increases.
Take from where it can not take.
Situation has deteriorated further of course.
It is 2000 bales up."
Kinjiro had confident like that from results of the survey.
But Annual tribute actual was set to 4000 bales.
(Around the early 18th century.
100 years ago of this era.)
"This is Annual tribute rate of 100%."
Probably，farmers feeling would have been so at that time.
Of course they were not able to pay the Annual tribute.
・・・・・・・・・
Although I thought suddenly.
Establishment of the Tokugawa regime was early 17th century.
Annual tribute rate of this hundred year.
That number was what?
If it had the Annual tribute of 4000 bales from previous.
Their situation would have worsened already.
But it was not so.
This land was the enclave of the Odawara clan originally.
Or this was a territory of the other lords.
I also do not know it now.
Anyway，it may be this land was not land of evaluation of the 4000 koku originally.
(Its size was equivalent with 4000 koku of high rank region surely.)
"The Odawara clan does branch of the Utsu family at prestigious in 4000 koku."
Just maybe,this assumption was present at the first place.
"At prestigious in 4000 koku."
This might have been very important.
Match the reality to their own convenience.
・・・・・・・・・
Going back to.
Annual tribute rice of specified amount.
They became not able to collect it quickly.
Farmers does escape from their territory.
Its incident also began occurs frequently.
Cause was obvious.
"We should reduce our Annual tribute rate to catch up with the current situation."
Finally they reached this conclusion.
However，it was not so.
For example，"Housing also convert as the field of Annual tribute target."
They tried to ride out at this situation by unreasonable tax increases.
Take from where it can not take.
Situation has deteriorated further of course.
Saturday 27 July 2013
rank
"Farmland has rank of high, medium and low.
This will be a measure of its farmland crop yields.
And Annual tribute rate of its farmland is determined by this rank."
Kinjiro said so.
"However,if we increase the point of view a little.
This region is suitable for farming.
This region is not suitable for farming.
In practice,it is also exists as a matter of course."
He continued to talk.
"And unfortunately，territory of the Utsu family is region of the lowest as land of cultivation.
Crop yields of high rank farmland of this region.
This is inferior to crop yields of low rank farmland of high rank region.
But it is not taken into account at all.
High rank farmland of high rank region.
High rank farmland of low rank region.
(In practice，it is below of low rank farmland of high rank region.)
These two must pay Annual tribute of the same amount as the same high rank farmland.
Collapse of territory of the Utsu family.
It is rightly."
Kinjiro concluded so.
・・・・・・・・・
I do not understand a little.
"Rate of Annual tribute of farmland in this rank is this."
(amount of rice.）
Its farmland conditions and its farmland arable land area.
Based on it，annual tribute rate might was determined to across-the-board.
But officials(samurai) of the Utsu family absolutely know state of planting.
Because there was their territory.
"Crop yields of our territory is no 4000 koku at all."
They were understand it of course.
"We therefore reduce our Annual tribute rate to catch up with the current situation."
Naturally, they should reach this conclusion.
But it did not.
Probably they were not able to it.
"The Utsu family is the status of 4000 koku."
It has been defined so when they branch from the Odawara clan.
Yes，era was Feudal era.
Crop yields of rice.
It was important for samurai in particular.
Standing position of them in society of samurai.
(in the ruling class.)
It had been determined by their crop yields.
”We lower the Annual tribute rate.”
This is not only represent a drop in their income.
It represent a reduction in the social status of them.
This will be a measure of its farmland crop yields.
And Annual tribute rate of its farmland is determined by this rank."
Kinjiro said so.
"However,if we increase the point of view a little.
This region is suitable for farming.
This region is not suitable for farming.
In practice,it is also exists as a matter of course."
He continued to talk.
"And unfortunately，territory of the Utsu family is region of the lowest as land of cultivation.
Crop yields of high rank farmland of this region.
This is inferior to crop yields of low rank farmland of high rank region.
But it is not taken into account at all.
High rank farmland of high rank region.
High rank farmland of low rank region.
(In practice，it is below of low rank farmland of high rank region.)
These two must pay Annual tribute of the same amount as the same high rank farmland.
Collapse of territory of the Utsu family.
It is rightly."
Kinjiro concluded so.
・・・・・・・・・
I do not understand a little.
"Rate of Annual tribute of farmland in this rank is this."
(amount of rice.）
Its farmland conditions and its farmland arable land area.
Based on it，annual tribute rate might was determined to across-the-board.
But officials(samurai) of the Utsu family absolutely know state of planting.
Because there was their territory.
"Crop yields of our territory is no 4000 koku at all."
They were understand it of course.
"We therefore reduce our Annual tribute rate to catch up with the current situation."
Naturally, they should reach this conclusion.
But it did not.
Probably they were not able to it.
"The Utsu family is the status of 4000 koku."
It has been defined so when they branch from the Odawara clan.
Yes，era was Feudal era.
Crop yields of rice.
It was important for samurai in particular.
Standing position of them in society of samurai.
(in the ruling class.)
It had been determined by their crop yields.
”We lower the Annual tribute rate.”
This is not only represent a drop in their income.
It represent a reduction in the social status of them.
Friday 26 July 2013
an open secret
Few years has elapsed, boss of Kinjiro returned to Odawara on one after another.
I do not know this reason.
(One person seems to have been prone to illness.)
Person of its successor has been dispatched from Odawara of course.
But takeover of the work seems to have not performed well.
He did not understand well about the development situation of this territory.
And in fact Kinjiro also seems to have been the same situation.
"Let's understand the current situation of rural anyway."
They began the status survey in cooperation.
His name ”Yokoyama Shūhei.”
He might have been the first person among the colleagues who was understanding about Kinjiro's work.
But he also have been prone to illness.
A few years later, he died.
According to the Hōtokuki.
In later years，when Kinjiro is talking about Yokoyama.
He shed tears always.
(Tomita of author also might have heard about Yokoyama from Kinjiro.)
By the way，this change of person.
And the dispatch of a person favorable to Kinjiro.
Intention of Tadazane of the Odawara lord might have existed there.
And just maybe，at the urging from Kinjiro,this change might was carry out.
・・・・・・・・・
Results of the investigation，surprising fact was found.
Official data of public office about rural and rural reality.
(For example，the situation of the fields.)
This did not match at all.
Taxation had been run on the basis of this official data to peoples under the utsu family's dominion.
"Data is base of the reconstruction plan.
If this is wrong，making the correct reconstruction plan is impossible."
Kinjiro was recreated the new data based on the this survey.
・・・・・・・・・
"This was found by examining."
Kinjiro wrote so.
However，he may have knew from before.
(Because he was on the site always.)
Or this was an open secret.
"The administration is carried out based on the data.
And it should be the case.
But its data has been tampered with."
Just maybe，He was looking for a chance for change this justifiably.
I do not know this reason.
(One person seems to have been prone to illness.)
Person of its successor has been dispatched from Odawara of course.
But takeover of the work seems to have not performed well.
He did not understand well about the development situation of this territory.
And in fact Kinjiro also seems to have been the same situation.
"Let's understand the current situation of rural anyway."
They began the status survey in cooperation.
His name ”Yokoyama Shūhei.”
He might have been the first person among the colleagues who was understanding about Kinjiro's work.
But he also have been prone to illness.
A few years later, he died.
According to the Hōtokuki.
In later years，when Kinjiro is talking about Yokoyama.
He shed tears always.
(Tomita of author also might have heard about Yokoyama from Kinjiro.)
By the way，this change of person.
And the dispatch of a person favorable to Kinjiro.
Intention of Tadazane of the Odawara lord might have existed there.
And just maybe，at the urging from Kinjiro,this change might was carry out.
・・・・・・・・・
Results of the investigation，surprising fact was found.
Official data of public office about rural and rural reality.
(For example，the situation of the fields.)
This did not match at all.
Taxation had been run on the basis of this official data to peoples under the utsu family's dominion.
"Data is base of the reconstruction plan.
If this is wrong，making the correct reconstruction plan is impossible."
Kinjiro was recreated the new data based on the this survey.
・・・・・・・・・
"This was found by examining."
Kinjiro wrote so.
However，he may have knew from before.
(Because he was on the site always.)
Or this was an open secret.
"The administration is carried out based on the data.
And it should be the case.
But its data has been tampered with."
Just maybe，He was looking for a chance for change this justifiably.
Thursday 25 July 2013
stranger
Kinjiro began efforts to develop territory of the Utsu family.
Initially, there was various hardships and discrepancy.
He had not been entrusted with full powers necessarily.
There was a boss of two people to him.
He was a position of responsibility of the site probably.
(Although the development plan would have planning by him.)
And of course，he was a position of officials of the Odawara clan.
"He is originally farmers."
But era was feudal era.
He seems to have been neglected so from people of under the Utsu family’s dominion.
"The government of clan lower the annual tribute rate at the time of crop failure."
Kinjiro had been negotiated so in advance with the Odawara clan.
(The Odawara clan seems to have been done parenchyma administrative of territory of the Utsu family already.)
At the beginning of the development,crop failure was expected.
"Start is very important."
When magistrate of the Odawara clan came for inspect the planting situation，Kinjiro had advise to him the reduction of annual tribute rate.
However, it was rejected.
・・・・・・・・・
Even so，Kinjiro worked on development of new field.
"Population decline."
This was the important issue of the Utsu family.
”Increasing population for ensure personnel of development of new field.”
(The including of cultivation of new field.)
This was a matter of urgency also for kinjiro's plan.
Kinjiro was to attract settlers actively.
But there was also another issue.
"Settlers is not settled in this land."
If there are another good conditions
They moved there immediately.
Rulers who was suffering population shortage.
This was issue invariant them.
And all of them was perhaps presented a good condition in the first.
Kinjiro took continuously preferential treatment to them as a countermeasure.
(Financial assistance, etc.)
・・・・・・・・・
This probably was the policy measures on purely.
But Kinjiro was a stranger at there.
Settlers were also strangers at there.
They would have been no prejudice to Kinjiro.
Kinjiro show a familiarity to them only.
Just maybe there was that.
"He is responsible for the development our land."
And this fact was present surely.
After this，trouble occured between the settlers and the original inhabitants.
Initially, there was various hardships and discrepancy.
He had not been entrusted with full powers necessarily.
There was a boss of two people to him.
He was a position of responsibility of the site probably.
(Although the development plan would have planning by him.)
And of course，he was a position of officials of the Odawara clan.
"He is originally farmers."
But era was feudal era.
He seems to have been neglected so from people of under the Utsu family’s dominion.
"The government of clan lower the annual tribute rate at the time of crop failure."
Kinjiro had been negotiated so in advance with the Odawara clan.
(The Odawara clan seems to have been done parenchyma administrative of territory of the Utsu family already.)
At the beginning of the development,crop failure was expected.
"Start is very important."
When magistrate of the Odawara clan came for inspect the planting situation，Kinjiro had advise to him the reduction of annual tribute rate.
However, it was rejected.
・・・・・・・・・
Even so，Kinjiro worked on development of new field.
"Population decline."
This was the important issue of the Utsu family.
”Increasing population for ensure personnel of development of new field.”
(The including of cultivation of new field.)
This was a matter of urgency also for kinjiro's plan.
Kinjiro was to attract settlers actively.
But there was also another issue.
"Settlers is not settled in this land."
If there are another good conditions
They moved there immediately.
Rulers who was suffering population shortage.
This was issue invariant them.
And all of them was perhaps presented a good condition in the first.
Kinjiro took continuously preferential treatment to them as a countermeasure.
(Financial assistance, etc.)
・・・・・・・・・
This probably was the policy measures on purely.
But Kinjiro was a stranger at there.
Settlers were also strangers at there.
They would have been no prejudice to Kinjiro.
Kinjiro show a familiarity to them only.
Just maybe there was that.
"He is responsible for the development our land."
And this fact was present surely.
After this，trouble occured between the settlers and the original inhabitants.
Wednesday 24 July 2013
although this is a digression
Before departure to territory of the Utsu family，Kinjiro disposed of their property in order to cover development costs.
Of course，financial assistance from the Odawara clan as development costs.
It was present.
This act of Kinjiro.
"I want to live like him."
He might have modeled "Wen Tianxiang". (文天祥)
・・・・・・・・・
13 century，Tianxiang was a man of end stage of "the Southern Song dynasty" of China. (南宋)
The Southern Song had been attacked from "the Yuan dynasty" at that time.(元)
The Southern Song dynasty was on the verge of destruction.
Even when such a situation，politicians of the Southern Song dynasty had continued factional fighting.
Tianxiang passed summa cum laude in imperial examinations.
But he did not unflattering to those in power.
He was unfortunate for it in the political world of the Southern Song dynasty.
When the Yuan army was coming close to capital，he was the governor of the region.
"Seek the armies of loyalism."
Such a imperial edict was issued from emperor of the Southern Song dynasty.
He responded to this call.
He persuaded the influential people of the surrounding and collected a soldier.
At that time，he got rid of his all property as a war chest.
And He fought against the Yuan army and made brilliant military gains.
But hopelessly outnumbered.
The Southern Song army went at bay gradually.
Struggle of factions still continued.
Senior officials that did escape.
It also appeared.
Tianxiang was caught in the Yuan army finally.
The Southern Song dynasty was destruction.
・・・・・・・・・
People who respect him in the Yuan dynasty.
They had increased as it turns out his personality.
(Including the emperor Kublai.)
But he turned down the recommendation of the officers of the Yuan dynasty.
And he hoped the death.
The Yuan dynasty tried to help him somehow.
"Please live.
We hope it only."
They were conceded so far.
"I want to show that there is loyalty in this world.
Please kill me as a vassal of the Southern Song dynasty."
The Yuan empire killed him finally as vassal of loyalty of the Southern Song dynasty.
Of course，financial assistance from the Odawara clan as development costs.
It was present.
This act of Kinjiro.
"I want to live like him."
He might have modeled "Wen Tianxiang". (文天祥)
・・・・・・・・・
13 century，Tianxiang was a man of end stage of "the Southern Song dynasty" of China. (南宋)
The Southern Song had been attacked from "the Yuan dynasty" at that time.(元)
The Southern Song dynasty was on the verge of destruction.
Even when such a situation，politicians of the Southern Song dynasty had continued factional fighting.
Tianxiang passed summa cum laude in imperial examinations.
But he did not unflattering to those in power.
He was unfortunate for it in the political world of the Southern Song dynasty.
When the Yuan army was coming close to capital，he was the governor of the region.
"Seek the armies of loyalism."
Such a imperial edict was issued from emperor of the Southern Song dynasty.
He responded to this call.
He persuaded the influential people of the surrounding and collected a soldier.
At that time，he got rid of his all property as a war chest.
And He fought against the Yuan army and made brilliant military gains.
But hopelessly outnumbered.
The Southern Song army went at bay gradually.
Struggle of factions still continued.
Senior officials that did escape.
It also appeared.
Tianxiang was caught in the Yuan army finally.
The Southern Song dynasty was destruction.
・・・・・・・・・
People who respect him in the Yuan dynasty.
They had increased as it turns out his personality.
(Including the emperor Kublai.)
But he turned down the recommendation of the officers of the Yuan dynasty.
And he hoped the death.
The Yuan dynasty tried to help him somehow.
"Please live.
We hope it only."
They were conceded so far.
"I want to show that there is loyalty in this world.
Please kill me as a vassal of the Southern Song dynasty."
The Yuan empire killed him finally as vassal of loyalty of the Southern Song dynasty.
Tuesday 23 July 2013
starting point
According to Hōtoku-ki.
"I want to be participate Kinjiro to the politics of odawara clan."
Tadazane of Odawara lord talked so to vassal.
At result，he received a tremendous opposition from vassal.
This might not episode before participate of Kinjiro in the politics of clan.
It may have been the result of participate of Kinjiro.
And the result of compromise of various intentions.
It might have been the appointment of Kinjiro to territory development of the utsu family.
However，Tadazane continued to cooperate with the project of Kinjiro.
"This will be for the Odawara clan."
He probably believed so.
・・・・・・・・・
In the 15-year period from 1822 to 1836.
Funds of 18900 ryō was put into this project.
Fief of Utsu family was 4000 koku nominal.
But real harvest of territory of Utsu family was from 1000 koku as of 1822.
"This land is a 2000 koku at best.
4000 koku is unrealistic.
Therefore we should aim for 2000 koku.
And authorities should decide the annual tribute rate based on it."
Kinjiro argued so and it was approved by Tadazane.
Ten years after，Kinjiro had achieved it.
Above all、famine began in the East Japan from the 1830s.
This famine was continued for several years，tens of thousands of people who starved to death has occurred.
(This is said to be one of the three major famine of the Tokugawa period.)
People under the Utsu family dominion was spent without any serious errors during this period.
Of course, famine was not what was expected in advance.
However，if there was not reform of Kinjiro，their situation would have been completely different.
”Can respond to any situation.”
This was a reform that Kinjiro aimed.
・・・・・・・・・
By the way，when Kinjiro went to a new post of the territory of Utsu family，he became samurai class.
Of course his status was lower.
His salary was about 20 bales at that time.
(Special allowance included.)
After all，Kinjiro was kicked out of the center of politics of the odawara clan.
But Kinjiro became go out to the outside world from Odawara by this.
And he became a historical figure.
This was its starting point.
"I want to be participate Kinjiro to the politics of odawara clan."
Tadazane of Odawara lord talked so to vassal.
At result，he received a tremendous opposition from vassal.
This might not episode before participate of Kinjiro in the politics of clan.
It may have been the result of participate of Kinjiro.
And the result of compromise of various intentions.
It might have been the appointment of Kinjiro to territory development of the utsu family.
However，Tadazane continued to cooperate with the project of Kinjiro.
"This will be for the Odawara clan."
He probably believed so.
・・・・・・・・・
In the 15-year period from 1822 to 1836.
Funds of 18900 ryō was put into this project.
Fief of Utsu family was 4000 koku nominal.
But real harvest of territory of Utsu family was from 1000 koku as of 1822.
"This land is a 2000 koku at best.
4000 koku is unrealistic.
Therefore we should aim for 2000 koku.
And authorities should decide the annual tribute rate based on it."
Kinjiro argued so and it was approved by Tadazane.
Ten years after，Kinjiro had achieved it.
Above all、famine began in the East Japan from the 1830s.
This famine was continued for several years，tens of thousands of people who starved to death has occurred.
(This is said to be one of the three major famine of the Tokugawa period.)
People under the Utsu family dominion was spent without any serious errors during this period.
Of course, famine was not what was expected in advance.
However，if there was not reform of Kinjiro，their situation would have been completely different.
”Can respond to any situation.”
This was a reform that Kinjiro aimed.
・・・・・・・・・
By the way，when Kinjiro went to a new post of the territory of Utsu family，he became samurai class.
Of course his status was lower.
His salary was about 20 bales at that time.
(Special allowance included.)
After all，Kinjiro was kicked out of the center of politics of the odawara clan.
But Kinjiro became go out to the outside world from Odawara by this.
And he became a historical figure.
This was its starting point.
Monday 22 July 2013
unified
"The clan will do procured 2000 ryō at additional."
Kinjiro predicted so.
But he may have tried to led this plan on your own.
Although written in the letter to Hattori.
Kinjiro's political recommendations has been adopted already by the clan.
Rice of tribute was weighed by a dry measure called "masu". (枡)
But its size was not a constant at that time.
(Apparently there were 18 kinds.)
0,37 koku per 1 koku.
(As tax to their lord.)
0,03 koku per 1 koku.
(As finance resources of local government office)
This was the content amount of annual tribute.
And there was another.
0,01～0,03 koku per 1 koku.
This had been additional collection as share of a person who is responsible for the site.
A dry measure to be used.
Probably it would have been determined by them.
Kinjiro did unified its standard.
Rice of 5000 bales was to be reduced to farmers by it at whole of the Odawara clan.
・・・・・・・・・
This is rice of 2000 koku.
"I achieved a tax cut of 2000 koku for farmers.
Impose a special tax of 1000 ryō to farmers.
I think This is the acceptable range."
Kinjiro was 34 years old at that time.
And he was the second year in charge of the finances of Hattori family.
He would have been an idealist.
And he might have been a little pushy.
Tax cut of 2000 koku.
Peoples who were deprived of their vested interests of 2000 koku by Kinjiro.
In short，they were exist.
And kinjiro had a word to say further about politics of the clan.
・・・・・・・・・
1821 of following year，he was ordered to survey the utsu family territory of the clan branch.
And 1822，he was ordered to territory development of the utsu family.
These two are more than 100 kilometers away across the Edo.
Kinjiro predicted so.
But he may have tried to led this plan on your own.
Although written in the letter to Hattori.
Kinjiro's political recommendations has been adopted already by the clan.
Rice of tribute was weighed by a dry measure called "masu". (枡)
But its size was not a constant at that time.
(Apparently there were 18 kinds.)
0,37 koku per 1 koku.
(As tax to their lord.)
0,03 koku per 1 koku.
(As finance resources of local government office)
This was the content amount of annual tribute.
And there was another.
0,01～0,03 koku per 1 koku.
This had been additional collection as share of a person who is responsible for the site.
A dry measure to be used.
Probably it would have been determined by them.
Kinjiro did unified its standard.
Rice of 5000 bales was to be reduced to farmers by it at whole of the Odawara clan.
・・・・・・・・・
This is rice of 2000 koku.
"I achieved a tax cut of 2000 koku for farmers.
Impose a special tax of 1000 ryō to farmers.
I think This is the acceptable range."
Kinjiro was 34 years old at that time.
And he was the second year in charge of the finances of Hattori family.
He would have been an idealist.
And he might have been a little pushy.
Tax cut of 2000 koku.
Peoples who were deprived of their vested interests of 2000 koku by Kinjiro.
In short，they were exist.
And kinjiro had a word to say further about politics of the clan.
・・・・・・・・・
1821 of following year，he was ordered to survey the utsu family territory of the clan branch.
And 1822，he was ordered to territory development of the utsu family.
These two are more than 100 kilometers away across the Edo.
Sunday 21 July 2013
please give my love
"Total desired amount of Vassals.
I do not know it.
There is a limit to the funds of course.
But I want to borrow 500 ryō somehow.
I ask you to negotiation with the person in charge of the clan"
Hattori asked so to Kinjiro in a letter.
And as a postscript.
"Role of messenger of you. (I do not know this role.)
I was glad you finished it served safely.
Please give my love to my wife and my children."
I think there was a trust relationship at Kinjiro and Hattori.
・・・・・・・・・
Hattori was staying in the Edo city at that time because Tadazane was councilor.
(Sources of funding might be "salary" as councilor of him.)
Kinjiro wrote a reply immediately.
"1000 ryō from farmers.
1000 ryō from merchant and samurai.
Government of the clan will procured an additional 2000 ryō probably.
So I think it does not need to worry."
Well，if this procurement was the money paid to the government.
Government of the clan did collect money at their convenience.
In the my sense，this is somehow cruel treatment against people under the Odawara clan dominion.
But era was feudal era.
Apparently there were implications of tax to the money paid to the government.
(Against merchants and Kulak in particular.)
"The people under the Odawara clan dominion lend money to the lord."
However，thinking of Kinjiro might have been like this.
This may be like buying government bonds.
"To proffered the money from farmers by ask the local magistrate."
However，representation of text is this.
"Collect the money thinly widely from all people under the Odawara clan dominion."
It may be extraordinary tax after all.
・・・・・・・・・
When the government fell into financial difficulties，they ordered the provision of funds to large merchants.
Incidentally this technique seems to had done well by the ruling class.
50 years later，when the new government was established.
They also ordered the provision of funds to the merchants of Osaka.
But it seems that did not go well too much.
Because they had not been trusted yet.
I do not know it.
There is a limit to the funds of course.
But I want to borrow 500 ryō somehow.
I ask you to negotiation with the person in charge of the clan"
Hattori asked so to Kinjiro in a letter.
And as a postscript.
"Role of messenger of you. (I do not know this role.)
I was glad you finished it served safely.
Please give my love to my wife and my children."
I think there was a trust relationship at Kinjiro and Hattori.
・・・・・・・・・
Hattori was staying in the Edo city at that time because Tadazane was councilor.
(Sources of funding might be "salary" as councilor of him.)
Kinjiro wrote a reply immediately.
"1000 ryō from farmers.
1000 ryō from merchant and samurai.
Government of the clan will procured an additional 2000 ryō probably.
So I think it does not need to worry."
Well，if this procurement was the money paid to the government.
Government of the clan did collect money at their convenience.
In the my sense，this is somehow cruel treatment against people under the Odawara clan dominion.
But era was feudal era.
Apparently there were implications of tax to the money paid to the government.
(Against merchants and Kulak in particular.)
"The people under the Odawara clan dominion lend money to the lord."
However，thinking of Kinjiro might have been like this.
This may be like buying government bonds.
"To proffered the money from farmers by ask the local magistrate."
However，representation of text is this.
"Collect the money thinly widely from all people under the Odawara clan dominion."
It may be extraordinary tax after all.
・・・・・・・・・
When the government fell into financial difficulties，they ordered the provision of funds to large merchants.
Incidentally this technique seems to had done well by the ruling class.
50 years later，when the new government was established.
They also ordered the provision of funds to the merchants of Osaka.
But it seems that did not go well too much.
Because they had not been trusted yet.
Saturday 20 July 2013
submit
According to the letter to Kinjiro from Hattori Jūrobee of 1820.
(After two years of fiscal consolidation request.)
Odawara clan was supposed to lend money to vassals.
Its funding total was 1000 ryō.
By the way，this money was loan? or was grant？
And its funding source.
I do not know clearly now.
"I want to borrow 500 ryō by submit of 500 koku."
Hattori wrote so to Kinjiro.
"Borrow 300 ryō or 400 ryō by submit of 500 koku.
It is not just good for you?
But I was advised so from colleague."
"1000 ryō is in total of all vassal.
There is a limit to the funds.
Borrow many only me.
It is not possible.
I understand it.
Than anything，public opinion in the clan would not accept it.
Thereto，I submit a lot of rice，and I borrow a small amount of money as possible.
Case of this is able to quickly repayment certainly."
・・・・・・・・・
There is a word ”repayment” in this letter.
But it probably was a grant money.
500 koku was salary of 500 bales.
500 bales is 200 koku at most.
Price of 1 koku could have been already high than 1 ryō at the market price.
(Because by degraded of gold content of 1 ryō.)
Even so，200 koku will 300 ryō or less.
And at the same time、purchase price from the farmers of the Sendai clan was 1 koku 0,4 ryō.
If based on this, 200 koku is 80 ryō.
"Odawara clan buy vassal’s rice (at high prices）."
This subsidy may have been done in this nominal.
・・・・・・・・・
"I want to borrow 500 ryō somehow."
Hattori wrote so.
One of its reasons.
"I want to return the 100 ryō to you."
Hattori wrote so to Kinjiro.
Hattori seems to have harmed in the market of rice.
And Kinjiro took over its loss money.
Vassals seems to had been selling rice of salary on their own to the rice merchant.
Of course，rate of rice price was constantly fluctuating.
(After two years of fiscal consolidation request.)
Odawara clan was supposed to lend money to vassals.
Its funding total was 1000 ryō.
By the way，this money was loan? or was grant？
And its funding source.
I do not know clearly now.
"I want to borrow 500 ryō by submit of 500 koku."
Hattori wrote so to Kinjiro.
"Borrow 300 ryō or 400 ryō by submit of 500 koku.
It is not just good for you?
But I was advised so from colleague."
"1000 ryō is in total of all vassal.
There is a limit to the funds.
Borrow many only me.
It is not possible.
I understand it.
Than anything，public opinion in the clan would not accept it.
Thereto，I submit a lot of rice，and I borrow a small amount of money as possible.
Case of this is able to quickly repayment certainly."
・・・・・・・・・
There is a word ”repayment” in this letter.
But it probably was a grant money.
500 koku was salary of 500 bales.
500 bales is 200 koku at most.
Price of 1 koku could have been already high than 1 ryō at the market price.
(Because by degraded of gold content of 1 ryō.)
Even so，200 koku will 300 ryō or less.
And at the same time、purchase price from the farmers of the Sendai clan was 1 koku 0,4 ryō.
If based on this, 200 koku is 80 ryō.
"Odawara clan buy vassal’s rice (at high prices）."
This subsidy may have been done in this nominal.
・・・・・・・・・
"I want to borrow 500 ryō somehow."
Hattori wrote so.
One of its reasons.
"I want to return the 100 ryō to you."
Hattori wrote so to Kinjiro.
Hattori seems to have harmed in the market of rice.
And Kinjiro took over its loss money.
Vassals seems to had been selling rice of salary on their own to the rice merchant.
Of course，rate of rice price was constantly fluctuating.
Friday 19 July 2013
five years
Time when Kinjiro began working in the Hattori house actually.
It was in 1812.
1812 + 5 = 1817
kinjiro was asked fiscal consolidation.
This is one year before of it.
For example.
"Demonstrate his ability first.
This will be essential for his appointment .
This idea of Tadazane.
This also may be the idea of Hattori.
Of course the Hattori family was samurai class.
There was many vassal of themselves.
(Vassal was samurai class.)
"Entrust the finances to farmers of newcomer."
First，rejection to this might be was strong inside Hattori vassals.
・・・・・・・・・
Therefore this five year，Kinjiro might be worked informally to fiscal consolidation of the Hattori family in the status of servant
And he cited the results of certain to it.
Debt of the Hattori house of 1818 was 246 ryō.
This is not a surplus of 300 ryō.
But just maybe，debt might have been reduced to here by Kinjiro effort.
Incidentally，Ōkubo Tadazane has been held the important positions of provinces of Tokugawa regime.
Burden on their financial.
It might was large originally.
And he was to be appointed to key positions in the central administration at last.
Further financial burden was expected.
Hattori caught this opportunity.
Based on ever results of Kinjiro，Hattori was appointed him to official financial adviser of the Hattori family.
This was also intended to pave the way for participation to politics of clan of Kinjiro.
This might this.
・・・・・・・・・
Well，according to a recent study.
1815, Kinjiro were back home with quit his job.
And He married in 1817.
Even from Hōtoku-ki.
Before working in the Hattori home,Kinjiro said to his wife.
"Five years, please waiting for me."
It was in 1812.
1812 + 5 = 1817
kinjiro was asked fiscal consolidation.
This is one year before of it.
For example.
"Demonstrate his ability first.
This will be essential for his appointment .
This idea of Tadazane.
This also may be the idea of Hattori.
Of course the Hattori family was samurai class.
There was many vassal of themselves.
(Vassal was samurai class.)
"Entrust the finances to farmers of newcomer."
First，rejection to this might be was strong inside Hattori vassals.
・・・・・・・・・
Therefore this five year，Kinjiro might be worked informally to fiscal consolidation of the Hattori family in the status of servant
And he cited the results of certain to it.
Debt of the Hattori house of 1818 was 246 ryō.
This is not a surplus of 300 ryō.
But just maybe，debt might have been reduced to here by Kinjiro effort.
Incidentally，Ōkubo Tadazane has been held the important positions of provinces of Tokugawa regime.
Burden on their financial.
It might was large originally.
And he was to be appointed to key positions in the central administration at last.
Further financial burden was expected.
Hattori caught this opportunity.
Based on ever results of Kinjiro，Hattori was appointed him to official financial adviser of the Hattori family.
This was also intended to pave the way for participation to politics of clan of Kinjiro.
This might this.
・・・・・・・・・
Well，according to a recent study.
1815, Kinjiro were back home with quit his job.
And He married in 1817.
Even from Hōtoku-ki.
Before working in the Hattori home,Kinjiro said to his wife.
"Five years, please waiting for me."
Thursday 18 July 2013
repayment
Hattori was the mainstream of the Odawara clan.
(Faction of lord.)
His action therefore was in line with the intention of lord.
This might have been like that.
From Hōtoku-ki.
When it was entrusted with the fiscal consolidation of the Hattori family, Kinjiro said.
"Hattori family has a enfeoffment of about 1000 koku.
But currently, debt of 1000 ryō exist.
In such a state，It's the same as do not have a enfeoffment.
This state is somehow allowed because you are senior statesman of the Odawara clan.
But even if you want continue indefinitely this situation.
It is impossible.
You should planning a countermeasure as soon as possible."
・・・・・・・・・
After this，Kinjiro did calculated the balance of financial and determined the annual cost.
"Your annual budget must fit in this range.
If doing so，you can always pay off debt at five years."
Kinjiro had demanded so to Hattori.
"Debt of Hattori family from yours.
This debt will full payment surely at five years.
So please wait for a while."
He also negotiated with lender of debt.
Five years later，Kinjiro have achieved debt repayment of 1000 ryō.
There was also surplus money of 300 ryō.
・・・・・・・・・
However.
It seems that was not so easy in practice.
With the inauguration of councilor of Tadazane, Hattori also had to go to Edo city.
As a result, spending increased.
Kinjiro was asked to fiscal consolidation in 1818.
And the year that Hattori family was able to paid off debt actually.
It was in 1849.
(Faction of lord.)
His action therefore was in line with the intention of lord.
This might have been like that.
From Hōtoku-ki.
When it was entrusted with the fiscal consolidation of the Hattori family, Kinjiro said.
"Hattori family has a enfeoffment of about 1000 koku.
But currently, debt of 1000 ryō exist.
In such a state，It's the same as do not have a enfeoffment.
This state is somehow allowed because you are senior statesman of the Odawara clan.
But even if you want continue indefinitely this situation.
It is impossible.
You should planning a countermeasure as soon as possible."
・・・・・・・・・
After this，Kinjiro did calculated the balance of financial and determined the annual cost.
"Your annual budget must fit in this range.
If doing so，you can always pay off debt at five years."
Kinjiro had demanded so to Hattori.
"Debt of Hattori family from yours.
This debt will full payment surely at five years.
So please wait for a while."
He also negotiated with lender of debt.
Five years later，Kinjiro have achieved debt repayment of 1000 ryō.
There was also surplus money of 300 ryō.
・・・・・・・・・
However.
It seems that was not so easy in practice.
With the inauguration of councilor of Tadazane, Hattori also had to go to Edo city.
As a result, spending increased.
Kinjiro was asked to fiscal consolidation in 1818.
And the year that Hattori family was able to paid off debt actually.
It was in 1849.
Wednesday 17 July 2013
emerged
According to Hōtoku-ki.
Of course,This would be in 1818 or later.
"I want to be participate Kinjiro to the politics of odawara clan."
Tadazane of Odawara lord talked so to vassal.
"Even if Kinjiro is wise man.
If people did not consent，it will become the source of calamity of Odawara clan.
We should consider it the most.
Please give careful consideration. ”
Result he received a tremendous opposition from vassal.
・・・・・・・・・
"Even if limited to range of the society of samurai.
The difference in social status exist strictly.
Vassal of high-income does correspondence like a manservant against vassal of low-income.
High status vassal.
Even if he is stupid, people respected him by his status.
Low status vassal.
Even if he is wise, people despised him by his status.
This may be predestination of the world of peace.
It is a situation like this at only the society of samurai.
Farmers is out of the question of course."
Tomita of the author of Hōtoku-ki.
He said so.
By the way，Tomita was Sōma samurai.
He may had a harsh view to Samurai class as person of same the samurai class.
(As duty of a class of rulers.)
Kinjiro was first recognized by the Hattori family.
Hattori was the director of Odawara clan with a fief of the maximum.
・・・・・・・・・
Back to Hōtoku-ki.
Tadazane thought in response to the opposition of the vassal.
"Demonstrate his ability.
This will be essential for his appointment .
First I give different job to Kinjiro.
If he has give an outstanding achievement in there.
His appointment in Odawara clan may also be possible."
Entrust the fiscal consolidation of Utsu family to Kinjiro.
This plan seems to have emerged in this way.
Of course,This would be in 1818 or later.
"I want to be participate Kinjiro to the politics of odawara clan."
Tadazane of Odawara lord talked so to vassal.
"Even if Kinjiro is wise man.
If people did not consent，it will become the source of calamity of Odawara clan.
We should consider it the most.
Please give careful consideration. ”
Result he received a tremendous opposition from vassal.
・・・・・・・・・
"Even if limited to range of the society of samurai.
The difference in social status exist strictly.
Vassal of high-income does correspondence like a manservant against vassal of low-income.
High status vassal.
Even if he is stupid, people respected him by his status.
Low status vassal.
Even if he is wise, people despised him by his status.
This may be predestination of the world of peace.
It is a situation like this at only the society of samurai.
Farmers is out of the question of course."
Tomita of the author of Hōtoku-ki.
He said so.
By the way，Tomita was Sōma samurai.
He may had a harsh view to Samurai class as person of same the samurai class.
(As duty of a class of rulers.)
Kinjiro was first recognized by the Hattori family.
Hattori was the director of Odawara clan with a fief of the maximum.
・・・・・・・・・
Back to Hōtoku-ki.
Tadazane thought in response to the opposition of the vassal.
"Demonstrate his ability.
This will be essential for his appointment .
First I give different job to Kinjiro.
If he has give an outstanding achievement in there.
His appointment in Odawara clan may also be possible."
Entrust the fiscal consolidation of Utsu family to Kinjiro.
This plan seems to have emerged in this way.
Tuesday 16 July 2013
i saw it
Hōtoku-ki was written after the death of Kinjiro by Tomita Takayoshi of disciples.
According to this preface.
"Achievement，hardship etc.
The teacher was not said anything about it to us.
I therefore wrote the outline of his life in hearsay.
I can not guarantee that there is no error in this content."
"It is not clear about when the project was carried out.
This is also not uncommon.
I want to correct it waiting for the research of a later date."
・・・・・・・・・
Early of 1818, Kinjiro took on fiscal consolidation of Hattori family.
The same year, Okubo Tadazane of Odawara lord was appointed councilor of the Tokugawa regime.
And late of this year,Kinjiro was commended by him.
(Not only him.)
"He has very efforts to farming.
He is person to be a model for others."
At that time,it had been written so about Kinjiro on the note of the lord.
This is not about the ability of finance.
But Kinjiro had been recognized the presence from the lord already.
Just maybe there might was a recommendation of Hattori there.
"Human resources excavation from all class."
Impasse in the status quo.
Probably samurai class had most understood about it than other class.
Although this thinking may be a little impossible.
Lord was interested in Kinjiro originally.
Of course, he had heard the reputation of Kinjiro.
1812‐1815.
This might have been test period of Kinjiro.
・・・・・・・・・
Katsu said.
"I met Kinjiro only once.
Era make person.
I saw it in Kinjiro surely."
Era was moving towards revolution after 50 years.
According to this preface.
"Achievement，hardship etc.
The teacher was not said anything about it to us.
I therefore wrote the outline of his life in hearsay.
I can not guarantee that there is no error in this content."
"It is not clear about when the project was carried out.
This is also not uncommon.
I want to correct it waiting for the research of a later date."
・・・・・・・・・
Early of 1818, Kinjiro took on fiscal consolidation of Hattori family.
The same year, Okubo Tadazane of Odawara lord was appointed councilor of the Tokugawa regime.
And late of this year,Kinjiro was commended by him.
(Not only him.)
"He has very efforts to farming.
He is person to be a model for others."
At that time,it had been written so about Kinjiro on the note of the lord.
This is not about the ability of finance.
But Kinjiro had been recognized the presence from the lord already.
Just maybe there might was a recommendation of Hattori there.
"Human resources excavation from all class."
Impasse in the status quo.
Probably samurai class had most understood about it than other class.
Although this thinking may be a little impossible.
Lord was interested in Kinjiro originally.
Of course, he had heard the reputation of Kinjiro.
1812‐1815.
This might have been test period of Kinjiro.
・・・・・・・・・
Katsu said.
"I met Kinjiro only once.
Era make person.
I saw it in Kinjiro surely."
Era was moving towards revolution after 50 years.
Monday 15 July 2013
missing
"I made an effort to agriculture.
And I was able to revive the family name as farmers.
Reason this was possible.
I think because I did a thing to be done as farmers.
The Hattori family owns a fief of the top at Odawara clan.
In spite of this fact,Why they did suffered a huge debt?
In view of my experience、because they had taken the wrong way as samurai.
I think because they did no a thing to be done as samurai.
I am a farmer in the first place.
I can determine if it is a thing of agriculture.
But I do not know anything about the samurai.
I will be responsible for fiscal reconstruction of samurai.
It is impossible.
Please turned down this request for me."
Kinjiro said so to the mediator.
"He is really wise."
But Jūrobee thought so to hear this.
And time and time again，he asked to Kinjiro it sincerely.
Finally Kinjiro agreed to undertake the request from the Hattori family.
・・・・・・・・・
Well, the fact that it has become apparent in the study.
"1812‐1815.
This three years, Kinjiro worked in Hattori home.
After that, he returned to his home.
And 1818,he has accepted the request of the fiscal consolidation of the Hattori family."
"1812‐1815.”
This part.
It is missing completely from Hōtoku-ki.
・・・・・・・・・
"When I entrust money to Kinjiro.
It always increase."
This reputation from colleagues of Kinjiro.
The ability of financial of Kinjiro was noted from the Hattori family.
This seems to have been its first.
Debt repayment plan, savings plan of colleagues.
Kinjiro seems to have done it at the same time.
But the ability of financial of Kinjiro.
"Kinjiro became a large farmer from zero."
It is expected that it had become reputation from before working at Hattori family.
(Also his personality of course.)
And finances of them was a crisis situation.
They might had been looking for a person to be entrusted with fiscal consolidation.
Approach from the Hattori family.
This may be true.
Kinjiro became the attendant of sons of the Hattori family.
He would had been trusted from the Hattori family at least.
And I was able to revive the family name as farmers.
Reason this was possible.
I think because I did a thing to be done as farmers.
The Hattori family owns a fief of the top at Odawara clan.
In spite of this fact,Why they did suffered a huge debt?
In view of my experience、because they had taken the wrong way as samurai.
I think because they did no a thing to be done as samurai.
I am a farmer in the first place.
I can determine if it is a thing of agriculture.
But I do not know anything about the samurai.
I will be responsible for fiscal reconstruction of samurai.
It is impossible.
Please turned down this request for me."
Kinjiro said so to the mediator.
"He is really wise."
But Jūrobee thought so to hear this.
And time and time again，he asked to Kinjiro it sincerely.
Finally Kinjiro agreed to undertake the request from the Hattori family.
・・・・・・・・・
Well, the fact that it has become apparent in the study.
"1812‐1815.
This three years, Kinjiro worked in Hattori home.
After that, he returned to his home.
And 1818,he has accepted the request of the fiscal consolidation of the Hattori family."
"1812‐1815.”
This part.
It is missing completely from Hōtoku-ki.
・・・・・・・・・
"When I entrust money to Kinjiro.
It always increase."
This reputation from colleagues of Kinjiro.
The ability of financial of Kinjiro was noted from the Hattori family.
This seems to have been its first.
Debt repayment plan, savings plan of colleagues.
Kinjiro seems to have done it at the same time.
But the ability of financial of Kinjiro.
"Kinjiro became a large farmer from zero."
It is expected that it had become reputation from before working at Hattori family.
(Also his personality of course.)
And finances of them was a crisis situation.
They might had been looking for a person to be entrusted with fiscal consolidation.
Approach from the Hattori family.
This may be true.
Kinjiro became the attendant of sons of the Hattori family.
He would had been trusted from the Hattori family at least.
Sunday 14 July 2013
the real earnings
1200 bales in 1200 koku.
This was "salary" of Hattori family.
However,Ōkubo family of Odawara lord.
They had also a debt to the merchants of Kyoto Osaka.
Financial health of Odawara clan was worse already.
(Most clan of Japan had a similar situation.)
"Salary reduction."
As a countermeasure, clan government have done this against samurai.
Although I think it's debt from clan probably.
Hattori seems to have been further withheld the debt from payment rice along with it.
1200 bales－salary reduction－debt to clan = 403 bales
This was the real earnings of Hattori family at that time.
And their debt was 246 ryō.
When Kinjiro took on fiscal consolidation.
This was the state of their economy.
246 ryō of debt.
After this，Kinjiro was refinancing to the debt of low interest rates of Odawara clan from high-interest debt.
Debt from clan ＋ debt from merchant = 246 ryō.
Maybe this is this.
・・・・・・・・・
By the way,according to Hōtoku-ki.
Fief of Hattori family is 1300 koku.
And they were family generations of senior statesmen.
But there was a debt of 1000 ryō to them at that time.
They no longer could not pay both principal and interest.
Family head began to think about the resignation at last.
"There are peasant named Kinjiro in kayama village.
He was born in the poor house.
He was widowed parents at a young age.
And he lost all the property.
He was became to adult by virtue of assistance of relatives.
However，he made rice one bale first.
He finally revived the house as fund this.
And he is quite considerate.
This is the nature of outstanding.
If you treat him cordially，and if you ask the reform of your finance to him.
He would feels indebted to you surely.
And he will keep effort to fiscal consolidation surely.
The rise of Hattori family.
It is in the hands of him."
Hattori Jūrobee of Hattori family head.
There was a person to advise him so.
This was "salary" of Hattori family.
However,Ōkubo family of Odawara lord.
They had also a debt to the merchants of Kyoto Osaka.
Financial health of Odawara clan was worse already.
(Most clan of Japan had a similar situation.)
"Salary reduction."
As a countermeasure, clan government have done this against samurai.
Although I think it's debt from clan probably.
Hattori seems to have been further withheld the debt from payment rice along with it.
1200 bales－salary reduction－debt to clan = 403 bales
This was the real earnings of Hattori family at that time.
And their debt was 246 ryō.
When Kinjiro took on fiscal consolidation.
This was the state of their economy.
246 ryō of debt.
After this，Kinjiro was refinancing to the debt of low interest rates of Odawara clan from high-interest debt.
Debt from clan ＋ debt from merchant = 246 ryō.
Maybe this is this.
・・・・・・・・・
By the way,according to Hōtoku-ki.
Fief of Hattori family is 1300 koku.
And they were family generations of senior statesmen.
But there was a debt of 1000 ryō to them at that time.
They no longer could not pay both principal and interest.
Family head began to think about the resignation at last.
"There are peasant named Kinjiro in kayama village.
He was born in the poor house.
He was widowed parents at a young age.
And he lost all the property.
He was became to adult by virtue of assistance of relatives.
However，he made rice one bale first.
He finally revived the house as fund this.
And he is quite considerate.
This is the nature of outstanding.
If you treat him cordially，and if you ask the reform of your finance to him.
He would feels indebted to you surely.
And he will keep effort to fiscal consolidation surely.
The rise of Hattori family.
It is in the hands of him."
Hattori Jūrobee of Hattori family head.
There was a person to advise him so.
Saturday 13 July 2013
salary
1812‐1815.
Though probably was such a contract，this three years, Kinjiro worked in Hattori home.
After that, he returned to his home.
Though Kinjiro would have been approached from little before.
1818,He has accepted the request of the fiscal consolidation of the Hattori family.
The same year，"Ōkubo Tadazane" of Odawara lord has been appointed councilor of the Tokugawa regime.
Of course this also would have been approached from little before.
Hattori was the senior statesman of Odawara clan.
Increase in fiscal spending of his family by it.
It was reasonably foreseeable.
Their finances were crisis situation already.
Therefore their fiscal consolidation was urgently needed.
Territory of Odawara clan was about 110 000 koku.
And fief of Hattori house was 1200 koku.
One percent of all territory in one family.
This was not small.
Around end of the Warring States Period，Soldier mobilization of 250 people in 10000 koku.
It was said so.
Their this system was carried over to the Tokugawa era essentially.
・・・・・・・・・
Of course，Era was feudal era.
Vassal also had a territory of their own.
They were feudal lord at their territory.
Territory which remaining after deducting it.
It was the territory of the lord of clan.
They collected respectively the rice of the territory of their own.
"Government of clan does collect annual tribute of the territory of all in a lump sum.
Then Government of clan pays the rice to vassal."
However、Odawara clan seems to had adopted this system at that time.
(In a sense，This was the salary system.
This system seems to had become the mainstream in Japan already.)
・・・・・・・・・
1200 bales in 1200 koku.
This was "salary" of Hattori family.
Volume of 1 bale was not certain at that time.
1200 koku is 3000 bales ～3500 bales.
1500 bales ～ 1750 bales at the annual tribute rate of 50%.
Collection of Annual tribute,as well as government of clan might had responsible for the administrative of vassals territory.
If subtracted its expenses，This may be a duly amount.
Though probably was such a contract，this three years, Kinjiro worked in Hattori home.
After that, he returned to his home.
Though Kinjiro would have been approached from little before.
1818,He has accepted the request of the fiscal consolidation of the Hattori family.
The same year，"Ōkubo Tadazane" of Odawara lord has been appointed councilor of the Tokugawa regime.
Of course this also would have been approached from little before.
Hattori was the senior statesman of Odawara clan.
Increase in fiscal spending of his family by it.
It was reasonably foreseeable.
Their finances were crisis situation already.
Therefore their fiscal consolidation was urgently needed.
Territory of Odawara clan was about 110 000 koku.
And fief of Hattori house was 1200 koku.
One percent of all territory in one family.
This was not small.
Around end of the Warring States Period，Soldier mobilization of 250 people in 10000 koku.
It was said so.
Their this system was carried over to the Tokugawa era essentially.
・・・・・・・・・
Of course，Era was feudal era.
Vassal also had a territory of their own.
They were feudal lord at their territory.
Territory which remaining after deducting it.
It was the territory of the lord of clan.
They collected respectively the rice of the territory of their own.
"Government of clan does collect annual tribute of the territory of all in a lump sum.
Then Government of clan pays the rice to vassal."
However、Odawara clan seems to had adopted this system at that time.
(In a sense，This was the salary system.
This system seems to had become the mainstream in Japan already.)
・・・・・・・・・
1200 bales in 1200 koku.
This was "salary" of Hattori family.
Volume of 1 bale was not certain at that time.
1200 koku is 3000 bales ～3500 bales.
1500 bales ～ 1750 bales at the annual tribute rate of 50%.
Collection of Annual tribute,as well as government of clan might had responsible for the administrative of vassals territory.
If subtracted its expenses，This may be a duly amount.
Friday 12 July 2013
治国平天下
Kinjiro became the attendant of sons of the Hattori family.
At that time,There was a school for the children of the samurai in each territory.
It called ”Hankō”.(藩校)
Kinjiro seems to had hear the lecture along with the children.
He had not qualify of students of course.
He heard the lecture waiting in the corner of the auditorium as a footman.
School for the common people’s children for teach reading and writing.
It called "Terakoya" and it was in throughout Japan. (寺子屋)
"Study."
However,an ordinary farmer want more than that.
It was difficult in practice.
"I can study by working in Hattori home."
Why Kinjiro began work.
It might have been this simply.
・・・・・・・・・
But Study at that time.
It was mainly Confucianism of China.(儒教)
Kinjiro also learned the classics of Confucianism at Hankō.
It called "Shishogokyō". (四書五経・Four Books and Five Classics)
"治国平天下・Ruled the State properly for the world peace."
(This is the one passage of the book of Confucianism.
I was paraphrasing its sentence that was translated into Japanese.)
Era of Emperor Wu of the Han empire of China.
Confucianism became the state religion in China.
(There seems to be different opinion to this.)
And Imperial examination system called ”Kakyo”.(科挙)
It was started in the era of the Sui Empire of China.
The Nation(Emperor) was tested,and its successful candidate became the bureaucracy，the politician and the military of the state.
This test was conducted by the Confucian thought.
Speaking quite roughly，Confucianism was political science.
・・・・・・・・・
This system did not exist in Japan.
But this era at least，Most people of Japan who aspire to study.
This was synonymous to aspire to politics.
Kinjiro had ambition in politics.
Even so，It was not that special.
Terakoya(寺子屋)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terakoya
Confucianism(儒教)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucianism
Four Books and Five Classics(四書五経)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Books_and_Five_Classics
Imperial examination(科挙)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_examination
All pronunciation of Chinese characters are Japanese accent.
At that time,There was a school for the children of the samurai in each territory.
It called ”Hankō”.(藩校)
Kinjiro seems to had hear the lecture along with the children.
He had not qualify of students of course.
He heard the lecture waiting in the corner of the auditorium as a footman.
School for the common people’s children for teach reading and writing.
It called "Terakoya" and it was in throughout Japan. (寺子屋)
"Study."
However,an ordinary farmer want more than that.
It was difficult in practice.
"I can study by working in Hattori home."
Why Kinjiro began work.
It might have been this simply.
・・・・・・・・・
But Study at that time.
It was mainly Confucianism of China.(儒教)
Kinjiro also learned the classics of Confucianism at Hankō.
It called "Shishogokyō". (四書五経・Four Books and Five Classics)
"治国平天下・Ruled the State properly for the world peace."
(This is the one passage of the book of Confucianism.
I was paraphrasing its sentence that was translated into Japanese.)
Era of Emperor Wu of the Han empire of China.
Confucianism became the state religion in China.
(There seems to be different opinion to this.)
And Imperial examination system called ”Kakyo”.(科挙)
It was started in the era of the Sui Empire of China.
The Nation(Emperor) was tested,and its successful candidate became the bureaucracy，the politician and the military of the state.
This test was conducted by the Confucian thought.
Speaking quite roughly，Confucianism was political science.
・・・・・・・・・
This system did not exist in Japan.
But this era at least，Most people of Japan who aspire to study.
This was synonymous to aspire to politics.
Kinjiro had ambition in politics.
Even so，It was not that special.
Terakoya(寺子屋)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terakoya
Confucianism(儒教)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucianism
Four Books and Five Classics(四書五経)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Books_and_Five_Classics
Imperial examination(科挙)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_examination
All pronunciation of Chinese characters are Japanese accent.
Thursday 11 July 2013
be ambitious
Kinjiro has been entrusted with the fiscal consolidation of Utsu family.
A opportunity for it at first place.
It was that kinjiro had been worked to home finances reconstruction of executive of Odawara clan.
"Hattori Jūrobee" of Odawara clan chief retainer. (服部十郎兵衛)
His family line was a director of Odawara clan for generations.
Their's enfeoffment was 1300 koku according to Hōtoku-ki.
（1200 koku according to his chronology.)
1812，When Kinjiro was 26 years old.
He started working in Hattori home.
・・・・・・・・・
Kinjiro regained their paddy field on 1806.
And he began to write the household account book from the following year.
"Know current income exactly."
After this，It became a model of fiscal reform of Kinjiro.
He was calculated surplus rice from harvest.
And he got interest to lend it.
Of course,He would have also sold surplus rice to rice merchants.
He bought paddy by its profits little by little.
In short,"Commonplace.”
There was not special things there.
・・・・・・・・・
When he started working in Hattori home，he had owned the paddy considerable already.
The reason to start work at Hattori home.
It seems to have been in order to obtain a wage.
"Kinjiro's income would have been enough.
Why he went to work?"
I have such a question.
"Making personal connections.
Seize the opportunity."
Kinjiro might had this intention.
Probably Kinjiro had ambition in politics.
(Later he did proposal to Domain duties of the Odawara clan.)
But era was feudalism.
It was class system.
And Kinjiro were farmers.
However，Class system in Japan was not strict at that time.
Though there were many constraints，Farmers were also able to elevated to government by own's ability.
(The best example would be Kinjiro.)
But they had to be recognized by government at first.
So,Kinjiro also had to be recognized by odawara clan.
A opportunity for it at first place.
It was that kinjiro had been worked to home finances reconstruction of executive of Odawara clan.
"Hattori Jūrobee" of Odawara clan chief retainer. (服部十郎兵衛)
His family line was a director of Odawara clan for generations.
Their's enfeoffment was 1300 koku according to Hōtoku-ki.
（1200 koku according to his chronology.)
1812，When Kinjiro was 26 years old.
He started working in Hattori home.
・・・・・・・・・
Kinjiro regained their paddy field on 1806.
And he began to write the household account book from the following year.
"Know current income exactly."
After this，It became a model of fiscal reform of Kinjiro.
He was calculated surplus rice from harvest.
And he got interest to lend it.
Of course,He would have also sold surplus rice to rice merchants.
He bought paddy by its profits little by little.
In short,"Commonplace.”
There was not special things there.
・・・・・・・・・
When he started working in Hattori home，he had owned the paddy considerable already.
The reason to start work at Hattori home.
It seems to have been in order to obtain a wage.
"Kinjiro's income would have been enough.
Why he went to work?"
I have such a question.
"Making personal connections.
Seize the opportunity."
Kinjiro might had this intention.
Probably Kinjiro had ambition in politics.
(Later he did proposal to Domain duties of the Odawara clan.)
But era was feudalism.
It was class system.
And Kinjiro were farmers.
However，Class system in Japan was not strict at that time.
Though there were many constraints，Farmers were also able to elevated to government by own's ability.
(The best example would be Kinjiro.)
But they had to be recognized by government at first.
So,Kinjiro also had to be recognized by odawara clan.
Wednesday 10 July 2013
parenchyma became lost already
This was a debt of farmers only.
Utsu family was a branch of Ōkubo family of Odawara lord.
Their's territory was Yokota village、Monoi village and Higashinuma village.
Incidentally，Their's territory has been integrated and renamed to Ninomiya town currently. (Tochigi Prefecture.)
Ninomiya is the last name of Kinjiro.
Rice yield of this land.
It was regarded as 4000 koku.
This number was very important.
Because the position of the lord was determined by their’s Rice yields this era.
In short,Utsu family was the position of 4000 koku.
・・・・・・・・・
Population of 1698 was 400 family about 1900 people.
And tax revenue of 2000 koku had been expected as annual tribute rate of 50%.
But population of 1822 was sharp decrease to 156 family 749 people.
And their real tax revenue was about 700 koku.
According to Hōtoku-ki.
"Around the early 17th century，440 family,tax revenue of about 3100 bales.
But current，140 family,tax revenue of about 800 bales.
Every family is very poor."
According to the letter of resignation of 1828.
"Hundred years until 1821，Utsu family have the support of the Odawara clan.
As result,Farmers became about 250 family.
The population decreased by about 1000 people.
Tax revenue is rice of about 1000 bales and 127 ryō of the field crop.
Parenchyma became lost already."
・・・・・・・・・
More than anything，They had a debt of 50 ryō already from the merchant of Edo at 1780.
(Its mortgage was the annual rice tax for the following year.)
Six years later 1786，They have borrowed 600 ryō from Odawara clan by flood damage.
(Financial assistance of Odawara clan was followed regularly.)
This would was more than the annual income of them.
But it was a drop in the bucket.
Eight years later 1794，They had the debt 200 ryō from the same merchant.
(non-interest bearing, 20 annual installments.)
And they did not pay it back from the first year.
(Probably，was not able to.)
Their finances had collapsed.
・・・・・・・・・
"Utsu family have to spent most of their income to debt repayment now.
And population has continued to decline.
Of course debt will also continued to increase."
Tax revenue of about 4000 bales at 4000 koku.
This goal setting is wrong at the first place.
Here is a land of 2000 koku at best.
And therefore we should aim to tax revenue of about 2000 bales."
The results of a detailed survey，Kinjiro concluded so.
Utsu family was a branch of Ōkubo family of Odawara lord.
Their's territory was Yokota village、Monoi village and Higashinuma village.
Incidentally，Their's territory has been integrated and renamed to Ninomiya town currently. (Tochigi Prefecture.)
Ninomiya is the last name of Kinjiro.
Rice yield of this land.
It was regarded as 4000 koku.
This number was very important.
Because the position of the lord was determined by their’s Rice yields this era.
In short,Utsu family was the position of 4000 koku.
・・・・・・・・・
Population of 1698 was 400 family about 1900 people.
And tax revenue of 2000 koku had been expected as annual tribute rate of 50%.
But population of 1822 was sharp decrease to 156 family 749 people.
And their real tax revenue was about 700 koku.
According to Hōtoku-ki.
"Around the early 17th century，440 family,tax revenue of about 3100 bales.
But current，140 family,tax revenue of about 800 bales.
Every family is very poor."
According to the letter of resignation of 1828.
"Hundred years until 1821，Utsu family have the support of the Odawara clan.
As result,Farmers became about 250 family.
The population decreased by about 1000 people.
Tax revenue is rice of about 1000 bales and 127 ryō of the field crop.
Parenchyma became lost already."
・・・・・・・・・
More than anything，They had a debt of 50 ryō already from the merchant of Edo at 1780.
(Its mortgage was the annual rice tax for the following year.)
Six years later 1786，They have borrowed 600 ryō from Odawara clan by flood damage.
(Financial assistance of Odawara clan was followed regularly.)
This would was more than the annual income of them.
But it was a drop in the bucket.
Eight years later 1794，They had the debt 200 ryō from the same merchant.
(non-interest bearing, 20 annual installments.)
And they did not pay it back from the first year.
(Probably，was not able to.)
Their finances had collapsed.
・・・・・・・・・
"Utsu family have to spent most of their income to debt repayment now.
And population has continued to decline.
Of course debt will also continued to increase."
Tax revenue of about 4000 bales at 4000 koku.
This goal setting is wrong at the first place.
Here is a land of 2000 koku at best.
And therefore we should aim to tax revenue of about 2000 bales."
The results of a detailed survey，Kinjiro concluded so.
Tuesday 9 July 2013
debt
One of the issues，When Kinjiro had worked on fiscal consolidation of Utsu family.
"Farmers to give up paddy cultivation.
But they never abandon dry field farming."
Tax to the harvest of field at that time.
It was taxes in cash and (probably) it was secondary presence.
Annual tribute by rice.
This was main presence of tax at that time.
Crops of the field.
Farmers were sold it on the neighboring markets.
Part of its sales proceeds.
Farmers were paid it as tax to their lord.
・・・・・・・・・
"10 000 ryō for rice of 24 000 koku."
Rice purchase price of Sendai clan from the people under one's dominion of 1819.
It was this.
Of course，This is the situation of the territory of the Sendai clan only.
It is not possible to apply directly to other regions.
But Kinjiro were also negotiations with the rice merchant on behalf of his village.
"Cash of rice.
Obtaining cash."
It is estimated that it was very important for farmers.
Self-sufficiency had become impossible from long ago.
Sales of rice by the farmers themselves.
Brokerage exists there absolutely.
Farmers were not able to sell the rice at the market price.
But sales of field crops at the market.
Brokerage does not exist there.
(Street tax maybe existed.)
Farmers were able to sell it at the market price.
Real income of farmers by field crops.
Even in the same annual tribute rate,Profit margin of farmers might was better than paddy.
・・・・・・・・・
Farmers of territory of Utsu family at around 1820.
There was a debt of 1000 ryō to them. (at 150 family)
Of course，It is not possible to apply directly to other regions.
However，If I apply the data of Sendai clan. (time is the same)
It is the price of rice 2400 koku.
Population of territory of Utsu family at 1822.
It was 156 family 749 people.
And real annual income of territory of Utsu family.
It was 1005 bales 127 ryō.
1005 bales.
At the outside, It is about 400 koku.
Actual harvest is 800 koku at annual tribute rate of 50%.
127×2,4＝304
304×2＝608
Probably main of 127 ryō is tax of harvest of field crops.
I do not know its tax rate.
Anyway，1500 koku degree at most .
There was a debt of 1,6 times of the total annual harvest.
"Farmers to give up paddy cultivation.
But they never abandon dry field farming."
Tax to the harvest of field at that time.
It was taxes in cash and (probably) it was secondary presence.
Annual tribute by rice.
This was main presence of tax at that time.
Crops of the field.
Farmers were sold it on the neighboring markets.
Part of its sales proceeds.
Farmers were paid it as tax to their lord.
・・・・・・・・・
"10 000 ryō for rice of 24 000 koku."
Rice purchase price of Sendai clan from the people under one's dominion of 1819.
It was this.
Of course，This is the situation of the territory of the Sendai clan only.
It is not possible to apply directly to other regions.
But Kinjiro were also negotiations with the rice merchant on behalf of his village.
"Cash of rice.
Obtaining cash."
It is estimated that it was very important for farmers.
Self-sufficiency had become impossible from long ago.
Sales of rice by the farmers themselves.
Brokerage exists there absolutely.
Farmers were not able to sell the rice at the market price.
But sales of field crops at the market.
Brokerage does not exist there.
(Street tax maybe existed.)
Farmers were able to sell it at the market price.
Real income of farmers by field crops.
Even in the same annual tribute rate,Profit margin of farmers might was better than paddy.
・・・・・・・・・
Farmers of territory of Utsu family at around 1820.
There was a debt of 1000 ryō to them. (at 150 family)
Of course，It is not possible to apply directly to other regions.
However，If I apply the data of Sendai clan. (time is the same)
It is the price of rice 2400 koku.
Population of territory of Utsu family at 1822.
It was 156 family 749 people.
And real annual income of territory of Utsu family.
It was 1005 bales 127 ryō.
1005 bales.
At the outside, It is about 400 koku.
Actual harvest is 800 koku at annual tribute rate of 50%.
127×2,4＝304
304×2＝608
Probably main of 127 ryō is tax of harvest of field crops.
I do not know its tax rate.
Anyway，1500 koku degree at most .
There was a debt of 1,6 times of the total annual harvest.
Monday 8 July 2013
by the way
Rapeseed.
Kinjiro got it from acquaintance of village.
Rapeseed 1,8 liter to Oil 0，36 liter.(5:1)
He seems to had been such a contract with merchant.
And he picked up a seed of rice that has fallen.
At that time，There was a place where the flow of the canal in the village has changed by the flood.
Land that is no longer needed has occurred by it.
Kinjiro planted the seedlings of rice there on holidays.
(according to Hōtoku-ki)
Land like this seems to have been tax-exempt land.
As result,He harvest of rice about 1 pyō.
1 pyō(俵) is 1 bale.
1 pyō’s volume was not constant at that time.
Harvest of Kinjiro would be about 70 kg probably.
And maybe,He sold it to the rice merchant.
(About ten years later，Kinjiro became negotiating person with the rice merchant as a representative of his village.)
Although would had a limit to his farming,He increased the harvest little by little.
At the same time，He had worked in the river works of Odawara clan.
Although time is almost overlap.
He is at the age of 18,He left the home of relatives.
And He began working at the village head home.
Around this time,His grandfather died in the home of his mother.
Mother’s family life seems to had became poverty by it.
(Also his young brothers)
・・・・・・・・・
By the way，Paddy they sold. (It seems pawn.)
Sure enough，It may wasteland.
Three years later，He returned to his home.（1806)
He regained their paddy field at that time.
Evaluation of their paddy fields at that time.
It was "the lowest". （called Gegeden・下下田)
About 9 ares.(900 m2)
He regained it in 3 ryō.
I do not know the price of 1 ryō at that time.
About ￥150,000 roughly?
Anyway money economy was also very important in rural areas already.
This would be true.
Kinjiro got it from acquaintance of village.
Rapeseed 1,8 liter to Oil 0，36 liter.(5:1)
He seems to had been such a contract with merchant.
And he picked up a seed of rice that has fallen.
At that time，There was a place where the flow of the canal in the village has changed by the flood.
Land that is no longer needed has occurred by it.
Kinjiro planted the seedlings of rice there on holidays.
(according to Hōtoku-ki)
Land like this seems to have been tax-exempt land.
As result,He harvest of rice about 1 pyō.
1 pyō(俵) is 1 bale.
1 pyō’s volume was not constant at that time.
Harvest of Kinjiro would be about 70 kg probably.
And maybe,He sold it to the rice merchant.
(About ten years later，Kinjiro became negotiating person with the rice merchant as a representative of his village.)
Although would had a limit to his farming,He increased the harvest little by little.
At the same time，He had worked in the river works of Odawara clan.
Although time is almost overlap.
He is at the age of 18,He left the home of relatives.
And He began working at the village head home.
Around this time,His grandfather died in the home of his mother.
Mother’s family life seems to had became poverty by it.
(Also his young brothers)
・・・・・・・・・
By the way，Paddy they sold. (It seems pawn.)
Sure enough，It may wasteland.
Three years later，He returned to his home.（1806)
He regained their paddy field at that time.
Evaluation of their paddy fields at that time.
It was "the lowest". （called Gegeden・下下田)
About 9 ares.(900 m2)
He regained it in 3 ryō.
I do not know the price of 1 ryō at that time.
About ￥150,000 roughly?
Anyway money economy was also very important in rural areas already.
This would be true.
Sunday 7 July 2013
embellishment
At the time, machinery for agriculture does not exist of course.
According to the request for resignation of Kinjiro at 1828.
"Labor for order to be able to cultivate paddy field of good quality of 1 tan.
The necessary personnel is 40 people.
And we are able to expect to harvest of 3 koku there."
Kinjiro calculated so.
He did not write this development period.
Work 1day at 40 people.
Or Work 〇day at 40 people.
Can not be determined either.
Based on this、At Simple calculation，Personnel of about 160 people is necessary for the reconstruction of their farmland.
1 tan(反) is 991,7 square meters.
1 side 300 step.
(Until Middle Ages，1 tan was step 360.)
・・・・・・・・・
"I'd like to study."
One day,He said so to relatives.
After night work.
But his spare time was only it.
"There is no extra money to buy the oil for the light."
Relatives replied so.
Kinjiro got the seeds of rapeseed of 5 shaku from acquaintance.
And he sowed it to his wasteland.
Summer of the following year，Rape of 7 shō was harvested.
Can take the oil from rape.
He negotiated with oil merchants.
And he was replaced it to oil of products.
He studied in this way.
Of course，There may be embellishment on this episode.
However，He stacked one by one.
It is true.
According to his chronology.
1802、At the age of 16, he planted rapeseed.
(age of current)
1 shaku(勺) is about 0,018 liters.
5 shaku is about 90g.
1 shō(升) is 1,803 liters at the current standards.
7 shō is 12,6kg.
According to the request for resignation of Kinjiro at 1828.
"Labor for order to be able to cultivate paddy field of good quality of 1 tan.
The necessary personnel is 40 people.
And we are able to expect to harvest of 3 koku there."
Kinjiro calculated so.
He did not write this development period.
Work 1day at 40 people.
Or Work 〇day at 40 people.
Can not be determined either.
Based on this、At Simple calculation，Personnel of about 160 people is necessary for the reconstruction of their farmland.
1 tan(反) is 991,7 square meters.
1 side 300 step.
(Until Middle Ages，1 tan was step 360.)
・・・・・・・・・
"I'd like to study."
One day,He said so to relatives.
After night work.
But his spare time was only it.
"There is no extra money to buy the oil for the light."
Relatives replied so.
Kinjiro got the seeds of rapeseed of 5 shaku from acquaintance.
And he sowed it to his wasteland.
Summer of the following year，Rape of 7 shō was harvested.
Can take the oil from rape.
He negotiated with oil merchants.
And he was replaced it to oil of products.
He studied in this way.
Of course，There may be embellishment on this episode.
However，He stacked one by one.
It is true.
According to his chronology.
1802、At the age of 16, he planted rapeseed.
(age of current)
1 shaku(勺) is about 0,018 liters.
5 shaku is about 90g.
1 shō(升) is 1,803 liters at the current standards.
7 shō is 12,6kg.
Saturday 6 July 2013
sakawa river
Kinjiro was born in the territory of Odawara clan.
According to Hōtoku-ki.
Sakawa River is flowing through this area.
The water source of this river is the foot of Mount Fuji.
This river had caused massive damage to their territory on every time of the flood.
Because this river was very torrent at that time.
Civil works of its measures.
It was carried out every year.
One person per family.
People under Odawara clan's dominion.
They had obligations of this labor.
However，Wages have been paid to this work.
For example，Public works for the agricultural off-season.
Just maybe，There was such a meaning.
Anyway this would have made on the occasion of the money income for farmers.
Kinjiro worked in this civil engineering work from the time of the 12-year-old.
(At birth was 1 year old in Japan at that time.
So this may be 11 years old.)
Of course, he was not able to work like a adult.
But everyone seems to have treated him as an adult. (Wages etc..)
・・・・・・・・・
At that time, the father of Kinjiro was sick already.
They seems had to sold the farmland as treatment charges.
"The farmland"
By the way，I can not understand a little.
This is the farmland that was ruined by the flood?
Or farmland that were safe?
It is presumed most their farmland has became ruin.
Is it can sell the land like that?
Is it not possible to paddy fields again by the power of their?
I can not be judgment.
Anyway when he begun to living together with relatives.
Ancestral land has not been left mostly to him and his little brothers.
He plowed farmland of relatives and made straw sandals at night.
Of course he worked in the civil engineering work at the same time.
Straw sandals called "Waraji". (草鞋)
This is one of the traditional shoes of Japan.
According to Hōtoku-ki.
Sakawa River is flowing through this area.
The water source of this river is the foot of Mount Fuji.
This river had caused massive damage to their territory on every time of the flood.
Because this river was very torrent at that time.
Civil works of its measures.
It was carried out every year.
One person per family.
People under Odawara clan's dominion.
They had obligations of this labor.
However，Wages have been paid to this work.
For example，Public works for the agricultural off-season.
Just maybe，There was such a meaning.
Anyway this would have made on the occasion of the money income for farmers.
Kinjiro worked in this civil engineering work from the time of the 12-year-old.
(At birth was 1 year old in Japan at that time.
So this may be 11 years old.)
Of course, he was not able to work like a adult.
But everyone seems to have treated him as an adult. (Wages etc..)
・・・・・・・・・
At that time, the father of Kinjiro was sick already.
They seems had to sold the farmland as treatment charges.
"The farmland"
By the way，I can not understand a little.
This is the farmland that was ruined by the flood?
Or farmland that were safe?
It is presumed most their farmland has became ruin.
Is it can sell the land like that?
Is it not possible to paddy fields again by the power of their?
I can not be judgment.
Anyway when he begun to living together with relatives.
Ancestral land has not been left mostly to him and his little brothers.
He plowed farmland of relatives and made straw sandals at night.
Of course he worked in the civil engineering work at the same time.
Straw sandals called "Waraji". (草鞋)
This is one of the traditional shoes of Japan.
Friday 5 July 2013
exclusivity
When the parents of Kinjiro died,There was a younger brother of the two men to him.
(4 years old and 13 years old.）
His brothers were taken care by mother’s family home.
And he was taken care by relatives home.
Social welfare as an institution.
It would not have developed so much at that time.
"Mutual assistance."
But this awareness as community.
It may have been strongly share at that time.
However，Just maybe，This may have led to exclusivity of the community.
When Kinjiro has worked on fiscal consolidation of Utsu family.
He encouraged the settlers of farmers.
As result，New rich farmers has increased.
There was also preferential measures of Kinjiro to the settlers as the reason.
(Population growth was an important issue.)
And willingness of settlers also probably was high.
But their escape were one after another from a certain time.
The conflict with the original inhabitants.
Apparently there was underlying it.
This was contributed to the submission of Kinjiro resignation.
・・・・・・・・・
Well, aside it.
Kinjiro was taken care by relatives home.
This was at the age of 16 he is.
According to Hōtoku-ki.
He seems to had been cold reception at the home of relatives.
"A very tightwad."
Relatives are represented so.
0,9×365÷180＝1,825
But he was not a baby.
Increase of food nearly 2 koku suddenly.
Probably everyone of them was poor.
Home Finances of relatives would have been painful.
Rice was weak to changes in climate yet.
Agricultural environment development.
It was also incomplete as compared to today.
Everyone was living in unstable.
(4 years old and 13 years old.）
His brothers were taken care by mother’s family home.
And he was taken care by relatives home.
Social welfare as an institution.
It would not have developed so much at that time.
"Mutual assistance."
But this awareness as community.
It may have been strongly share at that time.
However，Just maybe，This may have led to exclusivity of the community.
When Kinjiro has worked on fiscal consolidation of Utsu family.
He encouraged the settlers of farmers.
As result，New rich farmers has increased.
There was also preferential measures of Kinjiro to the settlers as the reason.
(Population growth was an important issue.)
And willingness of settlers also probably was high.
But their escape were one after another from a certain time.
The conflict with the original inhabitants.
Apparently there was underlying it.
This was contributed to the submission of Kinjiro resignation.
・・・・・・・・・
Well, aside it.
Kinjiro was taken care by relatives home.
This was at the age of 16 he is.
According to Hōtoku-ki.
He seems to had been cold reception at the home of relatives.
"A very tightwad."
Relatives are represented so.
0,9×365÷180＝1,825
But he was not a baby.
Increase of food nearly 2 koku suddenly.
Probably everyone of them was poor.
Home Finances of relatives would have been painful.
Rice was weak to changes in climate yet.
Agricultural environment development.
It was also incomplete as compared to today.
Everyone was living in unstable.
Thursday 4 July 2013
unreasonable
There were lords of about three hundred in Japan at that time.
They had autonomy withIn a certain range.
As a corollary,Status of their territory was different respectively.
(For example，Annual tribute ratio was different respectively.)
Directly incorporate the status of the Sendai clan to other territory.
Therefore this will impossible.
However，If the farmers tried to sell rice，Rice merchant would have interposed.
Of course,It will be cheaper than the market price.
For example，Income of Kinjiro Family.
It was low reliably.
Farmers were not related to money economy .
Because they were self-sufficient only.
Of course there is this possibility.
・・・・・・・・・
But according to the letter of resignation of Kinjiro of 1828.
"Rice 5 gou per person per day."
Kinjiro was calculated so.
1 gou(合) is about 180g.
5 gō is about 900g
1 koku is about 180kg
180×7÷0,9÷365＝3,83561643835
Amount of one year of the family of 3,8 people.
Self-sufficiency of the family of Kinjiro.
Maybe this is a little unreasonable.
・・・・・・・・・
1791, Kinjiro was at the age of five.
Farmland of his family was ruined by the flood.
"Kinjiro family was poor originally.
They became poorer by this."
Tomita Takayoshi of Soma samurai.
He was a disciple of Kinjiro.
1856、He wrote a biography of Kinjiro after Kinjiro died.
It named "Hōtoku-ki".（報徳記）
(This biography will honor the achievements of Kinjiro.
This biography is not an accurate record.)
Tomita wrote so in this biography.
・・・・・・・・・
1800(Father)，1802(Mother).
Kinjiro parents died one after another.
They had autonomy withIn a certain range.
As a corollary,Status of their territory was different respectively.
(For example，Annual tribute ratio was different respectively.)
Directly incorporate the status of the Sendai clan to other territory.
Therefore this will impossible.
However，If the farmers tried to sell rice，Rice merchant would have interposed.
Of course,It will be cheaper than the market price.
For example，Income of Kinjiro Family.
It was low reliably.
Farmers were not related to money economy .
Because they were self-sufficient only.
Of course there is this possibility.
・・・・・・・・・
But according to the letter of resignation of Kinjiro of 1828.
"Rice 5 gou per person per day."
Kinjiro was calculated so.
1 gou(合) is about 180g.
5 gō is about 900g
1 koku is about 180kg
180×7÷0,9÷365＝3,83561643835
Amount of one year of the family of 3,8 people.
Self-sufficiency of the family of Kinjiro.
Maybe this is a little unreasonable.
・・・・・・・・・
1791, Kinjiro was at the age of five.
Farmland of his family was ruined by the flood.
"Kinjiro family was poor originally.
They became poorer by this."
Tomita Takayoshi of Soma samurai.
He was a disciple of Kinjiro.
1856、He wrote a biography of Kinjiro after Kinjiro died.
It named "Hōtoku-ki".（報徳記）
(This biography will honor the achievements of Kinjiro.
This biography is not an accurate record.)
Tomita wrote so in this biography.
・・・・・・・・・
1800(Father)，1802(Mother).
Kinjiro parents died one after another.
Wednesday 3 July 2013
買米
By the way.
There was a system in Sendai clan called "Kaimai". (current Miyagi Prefecture)
Kaimai meaning is rice purchase.
Sendai clan was selling rice of territory at Edo.
Rice which was left in farmers after the annual tribute levied.
Sendai clan bought it from farmers.
And they sold it at Edo along with the annual tribute rice.
This revenue was become an important source of revenue of the Sendai clan.
According to data of Sendai clan's financial of 1819.
Its rice purchase cost was 10,000 ryō for 24,000 koku.
(Incidentally，Kinjiro has been delegated the fiscal consolidation of utsu family.
It was in 1822.)
・・・・・・・・・
In short、1 ryō for 2,4 koku.
If 1 ryō is ¥ 70,000.
Price of 1 koku become about ￥29,000.
This is quite cheaper.
"1 ryō is 1 koku."
Of course、This would be sales price.
This was not wholesale prices.
And Sendai clan was not selling rice directly.
Rice merchant was interposed.
All of them had to make a profit.
Naturally, the first purchase price was necessary to suppress to cheap.
・・・・・・・・・
If Kinjiro parents annual income was 7 koku.
29000×7＝￥203,000
By the way,the value of the coins had been fell already.
As result，Price of rice had been went up relatively.
1 ryō is 0,9 koku?
1 ryō is 0,7 koku?
1 ryō is ¥ 65,000?
1 ryō is ¥ 50,000?
I do not know its exact number.
But value of 1 ryō had fallen surely.
￥203,000
Therefore this annual income is lowered further.
There was a system in Sendai clan called "Kaimai". (current Miyagi Prefecture)
Kaimai meaning is rice purchase.
Sendai clan was selling rice of territory at Edo.
Rice which was left in farmers after the annual tribute levied.
Sendai clan bought it from farmers.
And they sold it at Edo along with the annual tribute rice.
This revenue was become an important source of revenue of the Sendai clan.
According to data of Sendai clan's financial of 1819.
Its rice purchase cost was 10,000 ryō for 24,000 koku.
(Incidentally，Kinjiro has been delegated the fiscal consolidation of utsu family.
It was in 1822.)
・・・・・・・・・
In short、1 ryō for 2,4 koku.
If 1 ryō is ¥ 70,000.
Price of 1 koku become about ￥29,000.
This is quite cheaper.
"1 ryō is 1 koku."
Of course、This would be sales price.
This was not wholesale prices.
And Sendai clan was not selling rice directly.
Rice merchant was interposed.
All of them had to make a profit.
Naturally, the first purchase price was necessary to suppress to cheap.
・・・・・・・・・
If Kinjiro parents annual income was 7 koku.
29000×7＝￥203,000
By the way,the value of the coins had been fell already.
As result，Price of rice had been went up relatively.
1 ryō is 0,9 koku?
1 ryō is 0,7 koku?
1 ryō is ¥ 65,000?
1 ryō is ¥ 50,000?
I do not know its exact number.
But value of 1 ryō had fallen surely.
￥203,000
Therefore this annual income is lowered further.
Tuesday 2 July 2013
annual income
Until restoration of 1868 since 1695，Recast was done nine times.
Recast most of that.(seven times)
It was recast to reduce the content.
As result，When the last recast of 1860，1 ryō became the weight of one-fifth on first.
And gold content was also reduced to less than 60%.
In this case，1 ryō become around ￥10,000.
This era，When Sakamoto made the company in Nagasaki.
(It was also a revolutionary organization.)
According to my memory，Its monthly salary was about 4 ryō at first.
"I can not live in this salary.”
Mutsu of comrade of Sakamoto.
(Minister of Foreign Affairs after.)
He complained so.
I had been thought vaguely "1 ryō is about ￥100,000".
"Can they not live in the monthly salary of ￥400,000?"
Therefore I wondered when I read this episode.
About ¥ 250,000, even on the assumption at ￥70,000.
It would be enough to live.
"1 ryō is about ￥10,000."
In this case,Their monthly salary would be about ¥ 40,000.
If I think from the price of Japan today，It is a level that can cover the food expenses.
・・・・・・・・・
By the way,Farmland of Kinjiro parents was about 13 koku.
Annual tribute rate of 50%
Share of their was 7 koku at most.
1 ryō was 1 koku.
1 ryō was ¥ 70,000.
Assuming so.
(Recast of five times made up to the time when Kinjiro was born 1787.
So value of 1 ryō has fallen.）
7 × 7=49
¥ 490,000 annual income.
You can not live in Japan today in this annual income.
But they were living.
Simple comparison.
It may be a mistake at the first place.
(Taxation of 50% to the common people is unreasonable.)
・・・・・・・・・
Incidentally，If you ¥ 40,000 monthly income. (No bonus)
Annual income is ￥480,000.
Mutsu said "I can not live in this salary.”
This would be of course.
And of course,they were also living.
Initially, Satsuma clan had put out funds, including salary.
Therefore Food, clothing and shelter had been guaranteed.
"I can not live in this salary."
However，There was this recognition to them.
This recognition may be important.
Nagasaki was the big city at that time.
Urban life and rural areas life.
Urban areas might have been in the modern already.
（Of course，The timing of these two.
It different about 80 years.)
Recast most of that.(seven times)
It was recast to reduce the content.
As result，When the last recast of 1860，1 ryō became the weight of one-fifth on first.
And gold content was also reduced to less than 60%.
In this case，1 ryō become around ￥10,000.
This era，When Sakamoto made the company in Nagasaki.
(It was also a revolutionary organization.)
According to my memory，Its monthly salary was about 4 ryō at first.
"I can not live in this salary.”
Mutsu of comrade of Sakamoto.
(Minister of Foreign Affairs after.)
He complained so.
I had been thought vaguely "1 ryō is about ￥100,000".
"Can they not live in the monthly salary of ￥400,000?"
Therefore I wondered when I read this episode.
About ¥ 250,000, even on the assumption at ￥70,000.
It would be enough to live.
"1 ryō is about ￥10,000."
In this case,Their monthly salary would be about ¥ 40,000.
If I think from the price of Japan today，It is a level that can cover the food expenses.
・・・・・・・・・
By the way,Farmland of Kinjiro parents was about 13 koku.
Annual tribute rate of 50%
Share of their was 7 koku at most.
1 ryō was 1 koku.
1 ryō was ¥ 70,000.
Assuming so.
(Recast of five times made up to the time when Kinjiro was born 1787.
So value of 1 ryō has fallen.）
7 × 7=49
¥ 490,000 annual income.
You can not live in Japan today in this annual income.
But they were living.
Simple comparison.
It may be a mistake at the first place.
(Taxation of 50% to the common people is unreasonable.)
・・・・・・・・・
Incidentally，If you ¥ 40,000 monthly income. (No bonus)
Annual income is ￥480,000.
Mutsu said "I can not live in this salary.”
This would be of course.
And of course,they were also living.
Initially, Satsuma clan had put out funds, including salary.
Therefore Food, clothing and shelter had been guaranteed.
"I can not live in this salary."
However，There was this recognition to them.
This recognition may be important.
Nagasaki was the big city at that time.
Urban life and rural areas life.
Urban areas might have been in the modern already.
（Of course，The timing of these two.
It different about 80 years.)
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