collapse

Wiped out the forces of Choshu from political arena of Kyoto. (Boss of conspiracy)
The collapse of the coup regime of Tosa. (Boss of assassination)
kyoto's security was restored because they was expelled.
It was not.

They had come back to Kyoto secretly with cornered mentally.

"Set fire to various area of Kyoto.
Kill the responsible to guard  for Kyoto. (for example，Katamori of Aizu lord)
And take away the emperor.”

Such a plan had been set up.
This plan had participated many important figure of their group，
But this plan was detected beforehand by Shinsengumi，and most of the participants were killed.

Well，kyoto's security was restored by this.
It was not.

Choshu samurai did rage to hear this，immediately went to Kyoto in droves  as Choshu army.
They were stationed on the outskirts of Kyoto and demanded the lifting of sanctions imposed on them.
It was of course ignored.
They started marching aiming to Imperial Palace，battle began.

Eventually they destroyed by Satsuma and Aizu.
Most of the major figures of their group died by this battle.　
　
After this，Choshu became "Enemy of the Emperor".
(Because attack the Imperial Palace and they gave a severe damage to the Kyoto.)
Tokugawa decided to dispatch subjugation military to Choshu.　

・・・・・・・・・

And immediately after this， the West Fleet had attacked to territory of Choshu.
They was landed Naval brigade after a naval bombardment，and did occupied military bases of Choshu.

Of course，this was retaliation for Choshu's shelling of sudden.
Above all，Attack to Western people at that time was frequently.
Nobody was able to deny the involvement of Choshu.
　

wirepuller

Around the same time，Choshu and Tosa influence was strong in political arena of Kyoto.

”Expel Western people from Japan.”
Group of that idea was at the helm of Choshu and Tosa at that time.
In Tosa's case，”Goushi” had assassinated to key Cabinet Ministers of opponents of their. (Literal translation of Goushi is samurai of village)
There were also aspects of the class struggle.

They became radicalization naturally.
And were involved to the conspiracy and assassination in Kyoto of many.
　
・・・・・・・・・　
　
”Expel western people from Japan by military force.”
　
They demanded so to the Tokugawa.
Assassination was the implicit background of there.
By the way，persons who had done direct negotiations to Tokugawa.
That was the aristocracy in Kyoto under the influence of them.

They were wirepuller only.
However，they were originally not position that was able to negotiation against Tokugawa.
(Due to the difference in class.)

"Decide the date，run the armed attack to the western countries of domestic."　
Well，it was finally approved.

When western countries found out about this fact，maybe they began doubts about the ability of the Tokugawa reign.


・・・・・・・・・　
　
That execution date.
Maybe Western countries did not know still this fact.
When they go to Yokohama by ship，they had to pass through the Strait of Choshu territory.
　
Choshu was shelling them from the land.　
Rightly they were originally defenseless，they had damage one after another.　　
　
Assassination rampant in Kyoto.　
Conspiracy escalate.
Criticism from Western countries.
The situation there was no grace for the Tokugawa.
　
・・・・・・・・・

Suddenly，Imperial Palace had been guard by mainly Aizu and Satsuma.
And intrusiveness to the Imperial Palace of Choshu was prohibited.
Political change began.

Choshu was fiercely protested to this situation but it was useless.
Above all，the Emperor had an aversion to their actions.
Choshu and Tosa was exiled from political arena of Kyoto along with the aristocracy under the influence of their.
　
This political change effects were immediate in Tosa.
Group members of them were arrested one after another.
And they were executed.
　

claims

"We should immediately retaliate against Japan with the armed."

But the UK (proxy) ambassador reject it.
Delivery of criminal.
The payment of compensation.
He requested these two to tokugawa based on international law.

Tokugawa was depending on the payment of compensation.
But they could not extradition of criminals because perpetrator was of the Satsuma samurai.
The UK therefore negotiated with the Satsuma.
(At this point，the UK began doubts about the ability of the Tokugawa reign maybe.)

This negotiation was broken off, and war began between the UK and Satsuma.
This war did not take victory and defeat.
Satsuma had damaged the UK fleet.
But Kagoshima of center of Satsuma had severely damaged.
　
Well、the weird thing was happen after this.

・・・・・・・・・

”If we request little strongly，that request will accepted.”

At that time，western society people might had thought so against eastern society.
In fact, Tokugawa's corresponds was like that.
Of course it was the corresponds of adults.
　
Satsuma was only the lord of one part of Japan .
However，Satsuma did not change their claims against UK.
Their claims did not change even start a war.
Their claims did not change even their base ground suffered severely damaged.

Easy negotiating partner for UK.
That would have been Tokugawa because they was the corresponds of adults always.
But UK had a favor to Satsuma.

・・・・・・・・・　
　
Satsuma was also brought home to the ability of the western world and their outdated in this war.
Even though Satsuma had the overwhelming number of soldiers，Kagoshima of base ground suffered severely damaged.
　
Above all，Their appearance was stubborn.
However，after this，Satsuma's action demonstrate the ability of the best political during this period in Japan.　
　
The UK and Satsuma rapidly became intimate.

namamugi incident

"They are invaders."

This recognition led to conflict with the Western countries finally.
Yokohama, near Edo.
There was a foreign settlement.

”Please refrain from going out on this day.”
There was notification like that to them from the Tokugawa.
But its notification was not thorough.
Some British people was went to sightseeing with the horse in that day.

・・・・・・・・・
　
This day，matrix of the father of the lord of Satsuma was passing through there.
(De facto lord.)

"They are invaders."
He had this thought strongly.

This era，when there matrix goes through，people had to prostration on the ground.
If they had discourtesy against samurai. (If samurai had thought so)
Samurai has allowed Killing their.

British people came across this matrix.
It would of course was unusual，
They went through front of this matrix with horse.
　
”Down from the horse.”
Satsuma samurai said to them in Japanese. (maybe satsuma accent)
They would had not be able to understand it.

・・・・・・・・・

"If you have time to cry. Fly high than it."
There was a words like that into Satsuma
Satsuma samurai had been referred to typical of the samurai.
In this case，It appeared in the bad case.
They killed one person.

Perpetrator wasn't unknown，it was clearly Satsuma samurai.
Of course, the foreign settlement was enraged. 　
　
"We should immediately retaliate against Japan with the armed."
Such opinions were accounted for many.

・・・・・・・・・
　
Samurai has allowed Killing person other than samurai.
If they want it.
When Japanese people had holed up as a nation，that was not problem.

"But your think are wrong."
As a reality，people who think like that appeared from oversea.
As a reality，Japanese must socialize with those people.

After all，the era had come when should be changed.　
　
namamugi incident (english)　　
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namamugi_Incident　

good fight

After the era changed，base ground of Aizu was attacked from the new government army as representatives of "the Anti-Emperor".
They unilaterally defeat，all Aizu samurai became exiled to barren land.
After this，they walk the history of hardship.　
　
However，when Aizu samurai was stationed in Kyoto，the Emperor at that time had only trust to Katamori of Aizu lord.
Definitely best of Kin-no was him.　
(Person who do their loyalty to the Emperor.)

After this emperor died，the era was changed.

・・・・・・・・・
　
One of the reasons why they were hated to new government，there was the existence of Shinsengumi.

Shinsengumi was brave.
They fought well to protect the security of Kyoto.　
Therefore many people were killed for their.
But it was their role as armed police as the reality of the time.
　
Common sense now commonplace.
People who were saying it at that time.
They were assassinated.
Also there were incidents of attack to Western people frequently.　
　
 ”Set fire to Kyoto and take away the Emperor.”
There was also such a plan.
　
But when the era had changed.
People who had been killed from Shinsengumi.
When their's era had came.　
　
Simply stated，"Shinsengumi" became evil organization that kill an ally of justice.

・・・・・・・・・
　
Of course Aizu samurai position also was very bad as enemy of the Empire Japan.
A few decades later，they had summarizes to document their activities in Kyoto.
That document sentence was also mentioned naturally to Shinsengumi.


To quote here  the words of Shiba san.

"All things were Shinsengumi’s crime."
”Nothing to do with us.”
Aizu was possible to say so.
　
・・・・・・・・・　
　
Not only Japan，the era was not still a era of Liberalism.　
Nation rights was stronger than civil rights.　
　
Aizu were enemy of own nation in its atmosphere.
Shinsengumi was an evil organization.　
　
”Shinsengumi’s crime was nothing to do with us.”
If they talked like that was became better things for them definitely.　
　
　
”Shinsengumi was solemn disciplined.
And their morale was very brave.
They didn't falter to any difficulty.　
　
At the time，many insubordination people (now those in power) came to Kyoto.
And they were broken the peace.
　
Shinsengumi had good fight against them for us."

shinsengumi

Shinsengumi was a Ronin organization.
However，most of them were not originally samurai.
They were farmers in Edo. (now Tokyo).　
They were also swordsman of town.

”Recruiting to soldiers for  protect the security of Kyoto.”
Such recruitment was in Edo.
But this was actually a conspiracy of Instigator.

”Protect the security of Kyoto for the Tokugawa.”
Collect the soldiers in this nominal，he was going to revolt against Tokugawa at Kyoto.

He went to Kyoto with soldiers，but this conspiracy failed.
 (There was also not approval of the soldiers.)
He eventually was killed by Tokugawa.　

・・・・・・・・・

Little back to past.
Persons of some swordsman dojo of the town in Edo，they know it recruited.
　
This era was a status society.
Their born status did not change anything then unless they have a special talent and luck.
　
They wanted to be a samurai.
Troublous times came.
They had put the fate of his own to the ability of the self as a swordsman.　
However，this troublous times was troublous times to end the era of the samurai.

”Protect the security of Kyoto for the Tokugawa.”
They stayed in Kyoto as it is，and was became responsible for the maintenance of security under Aizu.
Of course they were not Anti-Emperor.　
　
”Reverence to the Emperor.”
This idea was common sense including Tokugawa.

Aizu

Tokugawa had been suffering to deteriorating security of Kyoto.
So Tokugawa decided to make the army stationed in Kyoto.

To its Secretary，Tokugawa was trying appointed to one of lords.
But Tokugawa’s appointed was ”politely” refused to everyone.

They were not opposed to the policies of the Tokugawa，but they know well the difficulty of the situation in Kyoto.

This appointment came to ”Matsudaira Katamori” of Fukushima Aizu finally.
He was person of the Tokugawa clan.

Of course both he and his vassal knew well the difficulty of the situation in Kyoto.

People’s aversion was very high against the policy of Tokugawa.
Also assassin was occured frequently because of that.
Stationed there.

”Reliably their hatred will focused on us.”
Vassal persuaded desperately so to refuse the appointment.
Soldiers of stationed forces that was samurai of Aizu.

"Aizu might perish for it."
They said up there.

However，Katamori was also all understand.
”Someone must do.”
"Remunerate the indebted of Tokugawa from ancestral."
He decided so as samurai.
They accepted this appointment with their tears. (Really it seems to have been so.)
　
Their prediction became a reality later.

・・・・・・・・・
　
After arrived in Kyoto they began working to maintain security.
After a while，a Ronin organization was placed under the control of them as an auxiliary organization of its activities.

That Ronin organization was called ”Shinsengumi”.

loyalism

People like them called "Kin-no".
When I translated using Google，"Kin-no" is "loyalism".

"People who do their loyalty to the Emperor"
I think "Kin-no" is such meaning.　
　
”Kin-no was the same meaning as robbery or arson.”
”I did not think we can beat the Tokugawa to the end.”
　
After the era have changed，original Tosa Ronin said so.

・・・・・・・・・

Representatives of West armed forces of Battle of sekigahara other than Choshu and Satsuma.
That was Tosa (Chosokabe clan).
　
This Chosokabe was destroyed from Tokugawa after battle.
Tosa became the Yamanouchi clan territory.
After this，samurai of Chosokabe's vassal  was distinguished as one step lower by Yamanouchi samurai.
They called ”Goushi”. (samurai of village)

”Situation make the human.”
I do not know whether this word is the correct.　
However，then democratic ones had been born to Goushi among various constraints.

Well，Yamanouchi was indebted to the Tokugawa.
Therefore many Ronin appears from descendant of Chosokabe samurai.
　
・・・・・・・・・
　
Rampant assassination.　
Frequent occurrence of robbery.
At the time，Kyoto security had deteriorated significantly.　
Robbery was not limited to Kyoto.
　
”We are Kin-no.”
”You should provide money for national affairs.”
There were many scammers threaten the merchant so.

Case of assassination.　
As own thoughts of Ronin.
As an organization of Ronin.

”Create a situation.”
By conspiracy of any country.

There was variety reasons，assassination was too serious at kyoto because was the center of political.

”Create a situation.”
Of course there was also robbery.
Kyoto security had deteriorated significantly.　

・・・・・・・・・
　

By the way. Tosa Ronin who said to ”Kin-no was the same meaning as robbery or arson".
He got fame after the era have changed.　
However，It was a rare example.　

Roughly speaking，identification of  samurai was a diplomat.
Unlike it，basically Ronin had no guardians.
Their life was very cheap.
Most of the Tosa Ronin killed before the era change.


Their works was inherited by Yamanouchi samurai.
It might be said to deprived it by Yamanouchi samurai.

However，include Yamanouchi samurai，Tosa became the centerpiece of Japanese democracy after this .


　

ronin

Kyoto was the capital of Japan because there are Emperor.
But Japan's real capital was Edo (now Tokyo) of the base ground of the Tokugawa clan.
　
Among the flow of abandonment of this closed-door (Sakoku) policy，Tokugawa  was backlash of public opinion was not able to ignored.
Although it would be unusual thing，they had consulted to Emperor of Kyoto.

This had resulted in a significant change.
At that time，power was born to the Emperor who was only the presence of authority.
After this，Kyoto was became at the center of the political.

By the way，Japanese people's recognition to Western countries at that point in time.
Especially samurai and reading class of countries in the west of Japan.
It was consistent  "They are invaders".

”That is not right.”

People who say so was immediately killed as ”Traitor”.
Yes，”Ronin” appeared on the stage of history of Japan here.

・・・・・・・・・

Satsuma and Choshu had been considered originally a virtual enemy from Tokugawa.
They become presence of the centerpiece finally to defeat Tokugawa.
　
They were all basically worked along the country's policy as persons of a state organizations.
Of course that isn't Japan's state organization.
For example，that is Satsuma organization
　
Ronin was unlike their.
Ronin was samurai who has not serve the lord for various reasons.
Basically reason is destruction of the country they belong.
Therefore，occurrence of Ronin were most often after the Battle of Sekigahara.　
They therefore have existed naturally for hundreds of years.

But in this case, the Ronin was revolutionist, so to speak.

Rightly there were many countries that follow the policy of the Tokugawa as the policies of the state.　
Because opposition to it，many samurai of those countries was become Ronin.

They went to Kyoto.
　

monopoly

Japan had banned exchanges with foreign countries as a national policy.
It called Sakoku.

Well，there were exceptions to Sakoku.
Tokugawa had continued to trade with China and the Netherlands at Nagasaki of their territory in Kyushu Island.

Nagasaki is at the west end of Japan.
At the time of the 16th century，Western sailboat had come well to Kyushu Island under the influence of ocean currents maybe.
And they brought great wealth to the lords of this land.

”Do not pass wealth to their.”

Sakoku policy had also the meaning of monopoly of foreign trade by Tokugawa in order to maintain their power.
It was abolished.
It was supposed to be a good thing also for another lords.
　
・・・・・・・・・

By the way, Japanese at that time did not know well Japan history.

People at the time, especially samurai and reading class of common people.
It would might be feel funny to you，”History” for them，it meant the history of China.

Classic that they need to learn, it was classic of China.
Japanese ones were thought under that.　
(Maybe, Latin is feeling important.)　
　
"Sakoku is policy from the ancient Japan."　
"Tokugawa had abandoned the policy of our ancestors have been protecting."
　
Some people thought so.
One of them was the Emperor in Kyoto.　
　
・・・・・・・・・　
　
"Reverence to the true king"　
　
This thought also came over from China had been popularized in Japan at that time.　
The Emperor was the presence of only authority. (there was no power)
However，for this reason, reverence to the Emperor was common to Japanese at that time.　
Later，this thought became the ideological basis to overthrow "fake king" Tokugawa.

closed-door policy

Past the middle of the 19th century  around the end of the era of the samurai.
More than 200 years，Japan had banned exchanges with foreign countries as a national policy.
It called ”Sakoku”.  
　
This policy was conducted primarily as a guard against the West.
Era was the Age of Exploration as a matter of fact without good or bad.
For example，I think information of the Inca Empire of South America was coming to Japan.
　
But samurai government decided to abandon Sakoku  policy because there is pressure from western countries in 1854.
I think this was natural correspondence seen from the state of the world at the time.
(Days of sail was past.）


"The Western world was era of after the Industrial Revolution already.
If did not abandon this Sakoku policy here, it's the gap between Japan and the Western world would had open more and more.
Japan was able to catch up to the Western world because Sakoku policy abandoned at this point."

I remember idly heard so in college classes.

If they had just one wrong move, it was became too late surely.

・・・・・・・・・

At the time Japan was coalition Kingdom of samurai so to speak.
That leader position was Tokugawa clan.
There were many samurai countries in Japan called ”Three hundred lords”.
And some countries in it had been considered as a potential enemy from Tokugawa clan.
Their representatives was ”Satsuma” (Shimazu clan) and ”Choshu” （Mouri clan）.
　
Tokugawa hegemony had been established in win of this Battle of Sekigahara in 1600.
All samurai in Japan participated in this battle and they battled divided to ”East armed forces” and ”West armed forces”.
East armed forces was wins，then countries of West armed forces was almost destroyed.
　
Representatives of West armed forces was Satsuma and Choshu.
Until then, they were colleagues of equivalent position of Tokugawa clan.
They were not destroyed but They became vassal of Tokugawa clan after defeated at this battle.
　
Mouri clan territory was reduced to 3/1.
Incidentally Mouri clan began to popularly called Choshu (region name) after this.

roughly

Incidentally，Izutsu san talk had been continued like this.

Become the cosmos of the true international community
That does not establishment without establishment of  meta-language.

Each ethnic groups only use their own language.
I think that is useless in order to be able to make the true international community.

However，there are limits to learn the words of other ethnic groups.

To do this，social paradigm as meta-language should established.
There is a mission of philosophy there.

Of course this would be "idealistic theory".
However，I think so.

・・・・・・・・・
　
↓ is "roughly".　

Meta-language is Earth Language.
Social paradigm is common sense of USA people，common sense of Iraq people and common sense of  Japanese people.
（Of course this can not say "ethnic groups".）

"Become the cosmos of the true international community" is  "became Earthling".

Such meaning.

i trust you

When I was a child，many garbage was floating in a river of the neighborhood.
Also strange bubbles Occurred and unpleasant smell was.　
This bad environment that is not only my neighborhood.
Environment of river in the city of Japan was like that at that time.
Also the word "Smog"，I heard on a daily basis.

And now，for example today，the air is very clean.

”River is very clean.”
"Garbage does not float in river."

I unfortunately can not say so.　

However，river have not occur strange bubbles and its water does not unpleasant smell.
　
This environment that is not only my neighborhood.
Environment of river in the city of Japan is like that now.　
Of course I do not say "everything".

・・・・・・・・・

Perhaps I think politicians made an effort.
I think bureaucracy made an effort.
I think companies made an effort.

Above all，I think human made an effort.

Of course I think that had power struggle there.
I think that had been moneymaking.
I think that had something unfair.

Not limited to politicians and bureaucrats.
I think everyone had something unfair there.

Some of that results is today's air and rivers.
Of course that is still incomplete.
For example smog is not disappeared yet completely.

However，all thoughts of the people who live in Japan now.
(not only japanese people)
Expressed of the total sum of it.
It is Japan's current air and rivers.

I believe humanity had been repeated the years that isn't meaningless.

should

Novelist  Ryotaro Shiba san.
Philosopher Toshihiko Izutsu san.

This is an excerpt from an dialogue of two people of two decades ago.
（Two people is both deceased.）
Izutsu san had been a professor at the Royal Academy in Iran of before the revolution.

・・・・・・・・・ 　
　
Shiba san said.

According to the talk，there are about 150 countries into the world.
On the other hand，ethnic groups are seems to be around 600，according to one way of counting.
However，we can't have 600 countries in fact.
It would be a multi-ethnic country inevitably，and conflict occurs.

Ethnic groups.
God haven't decide the difference of their.
Nobody have decide the difference of their.
There are not definite distinction in ethnic groups.

Nevertheless，often，why the ethnic groups would be target of hatred of maximum of each other?
　
・・・・・・・・・
　
Izutsu san said.　

Currently，”the international community” has become a major issue of humanity.
Become the true international community.
To do so，more than anything，different elements must come in there.
　
In ethnic groups case，different elements are composed in each social pattern.
In other word，each social paradigm.
　
The world time is not uniform flow.　
Have their time in each ethnic groups.
　
That collision is naturally.
　
When exceed that collision，the true international community can make for the first time.
I think so.

As a transition period leading to it，we have gone through a great crisis now.
I think, go through a crisis that is not too bad.

・・・・・・・・・

Izutsu san died soon after this dialogue.
In the memorial sentence of Shiba san.

Go through a crisis that is not too bad.
"Not too bad" would be a figure of speech.
In order to be able to have the true international community，humanity ”should” go through a crisis of conflict.

Probably Izutsu san wanted to say so.
Shiba san had written so.
　
　
That is，humanity go through the great crisis of collision of social paradigm.
It is no problem.
Humanity will definitely overcome it.

Such trust to humanity.
　
・・・・・・・・・　

Also quote of the statement of Shiba san.

For example a ethnic group has a historic grudge to other ethnic group.
Could it be a happy thing for that ethnic group?

"It is those idea who do not know the History." 　
　
Some people might say so.
Maybe that people would have understood as different about the History.

I believe the History essentially is place that find to "wisdom and hope".
Otherwise humanity repeated the years for what?

Become meaningless.

downhill way

”I do the running of the nation.”
"Jun-nin do the things of the house."

By this declaration of Koken，decline of nakamaro's power had became more and more apparent.
Six months later，Nakamaro had appointed to "Sangi" (sixth position of dynasty) to his sons.

”Dajokan” It is the supreme body of dynasty era.
Nakamaro had dominated blatant it by that faction and self-kin.
On the other hand，Person who wishes to assassinate Nakamaro also among the Fujiwara clan came out.

・・・・・・・・・
　
Nakamaro had been write off gradually from Fuziwara clan　
The anti-Nakamaro faction appointed to government positions had been increasing to Nakamaro faction had been long monopoly.　
　
Military authority of surrounding capital had moved to anti-Nakamaro faction.　
They were also excluded from public office which has jurisdiction over the monks of the Buddist in the capital.　
　
Put a value of ten times in almost the same as the previous Pennies.
Around the same time，because such a coin was beginning to flow in the market, prices soar.　
Epidemic of plague and famine was overlap it.
Especially around the capital was terrible.

Nakamaro was cornered.

・・・・・・・・・

764 years，Nakamaro had forged a national mandate to collect the soldiers to protect himself.
And were found to have this deadly act of betrayal by subordinates.


Nakamaro finally was raising an army.
But it was a result of  cornered only.
Koken side had taken the initiative always and Nakamaro was defeated.
He was executed along with his wife and children.
His son of monk named "Satuo"，his life was saved only.
(Koken had deep devotion to Buddhism.)

snowslow

i made song　

This song lyrics is japanese.
There is a quote of the lyrics of David Bowie san song in the middle.
It is my favorite song ”sound and vision”.
　
However, I can not speak English.
Therefore, that is atmosphere.　(lol)

Incidentally "san" is japanese honorific title.

　
Well

silent night
holy night

mountain pass

Nakamaro resumed the policy of expanding the Northeast territory after came to power unparalleled.
760 years，He finally got to position of Dajodaijin (the most powerful man in the vassal).
Nakamaro got to the top.

The same year，Empress of Shomu was a pillar of the Imperial Family who was died.
Koken of before Emperor and Jun-nin of Emperor.
Thereby，discord of two people came to the surface.

・・・・・・・・・

761 years，Nakamaro families was appointed Secretary of important military base near the capital.
Nakamaro son was also appointed Secretary of capital.
Nakamaro had dominated the capital with his relatives.

And he tried to reconcile two people.

By the way Koken began to favor the Dokyo of buddist monk at that time.
(She believed his pray cured her disease.)
The following year，there is also that influence，they broke down decisively.

”I do the running of the nation.”
"Jun-nin do only the things of the house."

Koken had declared so.
　
・・・・・・・・・

Power grab of this era，it has been achieved in such a way that become maternal relative of the Emperor.　
The Empress of Jun-nin was daughter-in-law of Nakamaro's dead son.
Although this way was irregular，its equivalent.

Premise of Nakamaro’s power had unceremoniously disappeared by this declared..
The same month with this declaration，Nakamaro wife of the head of the lady secretary died.

purge

Shomu grandfather's brother's son named "Funado".
He was appointed Crown Prince by Shomu's last will and testament.
（Although his mother is unknown his grandmother was from Fujiwara clan.）

By the way，Great-grandfather of Shomu was "Tenmu".

He wasn’t in the original heir to the Chrysanthemum Throne.　
He became the Emperor after win to the war with the Emperor (his brother's son).　
　
"Hold the bloodline of Tenmu.”

This testament of Shomu was also in that sense.　
But Funado was soon ousted Prince position by Nakamaro.　　

・・・・・・・・・　
　
Then ”Ooi” became crown prince.
He also was in the bloodline of Tenmu who lived in a mansion of Nakamaro.
He was married to Daughter-in-law of Nakamaro's dead son.
　
At that time，The name of the Emperor and Empress had been banned from use.

Kamatari and Fuhito was originator of the Fujiwara clan.
Nakamaro banned the use of their names together with emperor name.　
　
Nakamaro newly established the government post，got the military authority.　　
Rebel people against Nakamaro who had purged as demotion or banished to the provinces.
They had planning of revolt but transpired beforehand.
They were arrested one after another.
　
Otomo-no-komaro was the central figure of this revolt who was killed under torture.
Tachibana-no-moroe son also was likely to have been killed in prison.
Older brother of Nakamaro also had been relegated to the provinces implicated in the arrest of his son.
　
In 758 AD, Emperor Koken was abdication，Ooi was became Enperor Jun-nin.
Nakamaro got enormous economic power and unparalleled dictatorship.　
　

conspiracy

Well，that year had  many events following the discovery of gold.　

In 749 AD，Government post was established named ”Shibi-tyu-dai” for Empress of abdicated Shomu.
Its post had purpose to assist Empress of abdicated Shomu ostensibly.
In fact had purpose to assist unstable position of current female Emperor.　
Nakamaro was sworn to that Secretary.　
　
He was appointed commander of the Emperor Guards at the same time.　
（This position was deep relationship with Fujiwara clan originally.）　
Nakamaro became the top of Fujiwara clan.　

・・・・・・・・・　
　
"Tachibana-no-moroe has be planning a revolt."
 　
In 755 AD, there was such snitches.
However Shomu did not adopt a snitches.
(He still had a real power after abdicated.)
Just maybe he thought the balance of power in Dynasty.

But tachibana-no-moroe did resignation eventually.
Snitches aimed at the downfall of his that was successful.

Next 756 AD，Shoumu and Tachibana-no-moroe died one after another.
Dynastic situation had been further deepened the confusion.

・・・・・・・・・　
　
Representative of the anti- Fujiwara forces was Otomo clan along with Tachibana clan.　
”He slandered the Emperor.”
　
Shortly after this death，Otomo clan's stalwarts were arrested on suspicion that.
Probably insufficient  the alleged，he was immediately released.
（It would conspiracy originally.）
　
　
But he was relegated to the provinces，then  became the banishment.
This opportunity，radicals in Otomo clan had cleave to conspiracy of anti- Nakamaro.
　

Nakamaro

The Emperor of era of daibutu was "Shomu".
His lineage was the emerging powerful family named "Fujiwara".
Fujiwara clan led the coup of 100 years ago.
Since its success，they were deeply connected to the Imperial Family.

One issue had been going on here.
Shomu wanted to give Emperor place to the son of Fujiwara lineage.　
（Mother born in Fujiwara clan）
But his son did not exist at this time because died young.

Son of different clan lineage become emperor.
It means that the power was transferred to there.

”This is temporary measures until the Fujiwara lineage son born.”
　
He had appointed to the throne heir to daughter of Fujiwara lineage.
（As at that time was unusual measures.）

・・・・・・・・・
　
Smallpox occurred in 737 AD.

The man who was at the helm of the court named "Fujiwara-no-fuhito".
His four sons died one after another in the smallpox.
　
As a result,  the man named "Tachibana-no-moroe" became "Dainagon".
（Dainagon the position of number four of the court.）　
Fujiwara clan  forces of emerging yet had been forced to retreat.

At that time，the only son of Shomu died suddenly.
He had the expectations of anti-Fujiwara forces.　
There was also the possibility of assassination.

In 748 AD，"Gansho Dajoten-no" died.
Dajoten-no is the name of the emperor abdicated.
And Gansho Dajoten-no was the maximum force of the anti-Fujiwara. 　
　
Shomu was abdication in the form of an eye for an eye *.
And his daughter was crowned as ”Emperor Koken”in 749 AD.

When she ascended，Fuziwara-no-nakamaro became Dainagon in an unusual career.
He was not a mainstream.
（Subsequent notation, Nakamaro）
Because four sons of Fuziwara-no-fufito were all dead.

At the same time，son of Tachibana-no-moroe became Sangi(the sixth position).

Conflict between the two had became increasingly fierce.

gongen

”God of Japan exist to follow buddha.”

After the establishment of this thought，how did Japanese people put the integrity with thought until then?

”Buddha had been existed in Japan from a long time ago in fact.”
”God of Japan was provisional figure of the Buddha.”　
"They had appeared with provisional figure in order to save the Japanese people."

This thought called "Gongen".　
The literal translation of Gongen is appeared in the form of provisional.

Why bother provisional figure?
If God of japan is Buddha.
In that case，he（？） can appeared as a Buddha as usual.
Have no problem there.　
　
God of Japan is Clark Kent?　
I think so but became like that．

・・・・・・・・・　
　
By the way，the 16th century, when the introduction of Christianity to Japan.
　
”If your God is omnipotent，why Japanese people have been ignored until now?”
　
Japanese people asked a question so to missinaries.
（I don't know how they had answered. ）

Then Christianity had been mistaken to belief Dainichi（sun god）of Buddist to part of Japanese people.
Although this case position is reversed compared with Buddhism case，this case also may a one form of Gongen of Japanese thought.
　
・・・・・・・・・　
　
Incidentally，last royal family of samurai named "Tokugawa".
Its first king named ”Tokugawa Ieyasu.”
Tokyo (called Edo) became heart of japan by him.
　
He end the war which lasted a hundred years.
This peace lasts 260 years until Meiji Restoration in 1868.　
And he had called Gongen after death.


History of Tokyo
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Tokyo

god of Japan exist to follow buddha

From the time of the dynasty of more than a thousand years ago，there was no distinction between Buddha and God of Japan.

The two had been faith as one for a long time.

But after the Meiji Restoration in 1868，this two had been separated.
God of Japan called"shinto"， had became only state religion.
And Buddhism had been crackdown.　
　
・・・・・・・・・　
　
Before 40 years of gold discovery，copper was discovered on near Tokyo（on now） in 708 AD.

”This discovery is thanks to the God of ours.”

Aristocracy everyone was saying so.
The presence of the Buddha was not there yet.

But event to change that trend was happend in 737 AD.
Smallpox outbreak in that year，many powerful aristocracy had died at that time.

”We prayed to God but do not anything.”

Dissatisfaction had been expressed blatantly against their God.
However, the sentence in this case，God had been write as "our God and the Buddha".
Accent of ”God” was still their God.
 
・・・・・・・・・
　
In 740 AD，Great revolt occurred in Kyushu of west Island of Japan.
Aristocracy prayed for the victory to gods powerful of their.　
（Japan god isn't one.）
At the same time，there were made ​​a statue of Buddha in various parts of Japan to pray for victory.
Two positions had been antagonistic  finally around here?
　
・・・・・・・・・

After the suppression of revolt.
　
”This is thanks to God by prayed.”

There was recognition in aristocratic，they dedicated the goods of thanks to God of them.
However，It was a Buddhist scriptures.
And they built a tower of Buddhism to the location where they worshiped God.
Of course，in sense of gratitude.

Beginning of the syncretism of their God and Buddha?

・・・・・・・・・
　
In 749 AD，the discovery of gold in Japan.
　
At the time，Japan had making ​​Big Buddha called "Daibutu" as a national project.
Therefore needed a large amount of gold.
Gold was dependent on imports until then.
　
”Gold is discovered thanks to the Buddha.”
”I am a servant of the Buddha.”　
　
Emperor expressed the joy like that.
　
"God of Japan exist to follow Buddha"
　
That thought had spread in earnest from this time.　

　
Tōdai-ji （Daibutu in there）
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Ddai-ji

platinum

Continuously，according to the book of Ryotaro Shiba san.　
　
Hosso sect did a controversy with Saityo.
Saityo won to their.
Also he won a dispute with other sects at the Palace.
Also won another controversy.

Therefore the mainstream sect at the time was lost all controversy.
Maybe it had unreasonable to the first place of controversy.
Regardless of the quality of their brain.
When the spirit of the times would change，they had no way except lose.　

Their last trump card was Tokuichi of Aizu.　
　
・・・・・・・・・　
　
Tokuichi and Saicho controversy lasted 12 years.
Controversy was held at the letter.

Saityo was skilled in polemics.
Because he was so intense controversy continued until then.　
Always he had decision win to Tokuichi.　
　
And because there was this win.
　
”All people has the property of can become a Buddha.”
　
We were allowed to have such a tradition of platinum in Japanese Buddhism.
　

philosophy of salvation

According to the book of Ryotaro Shiba san.

Hosso sect or Yuishiki sect of Buddhism that was the mainstream sect in Japan in about  8th century.

"Only chosen person will become the Buddha."　
Further they had such sorting principle.

"They are mere Buddha theory rather thanl Buddha doctrina?"
　
There was a person who thought so.
The man named "saityo" who  founder of the Tendai sect in Japan.
However，Buddhism can be said also was a huge aggregate of theory.
And they were inconsistent with each other in some cases.

Tendai sect was selection them by philosophy of salvation.
”All people has the property of  can become a Buddha.”　
Tendai sect made up a big system like that.

Saityo doubted the mainstream sect's "theory" and reached in this Tendai doctrine.
The mainstream sect became sect of the past at a stretch by emergence of this new sect of Buddhism.　
　
”If anyone can become a Buddha，why I must suffer to the training.”
Of course, they were repelled against Saityo.
One of them was Tokuichi.

・・・・・・・・・

I wrote previously, Tokuichi was  high priest of Hosso Sect of Buddhism.
And it is said that he built a temple Enitiji in Aizu of Fukushima.

This is also a legend.
He is said  Fujiwara-no-nakamaro's son who resumed the conquest.

Nakamaro was an unparalleled power at that time.
But he was downfall at the end of the struggle for power.
Then he defeated to rebellion and his family were all executed.
Son of Buddhist monk was the only one who survived.
This monk is said to Tokuichi.

Of course it's a legend.
However，Hosso sect was a one of the mainstream sect  in Japanese.
And Tokuichi was representative of their sect.

Aizu at that time was near the border outpost.
There is no doubt that he was in this land.

"Why he was there?"
 I don't know why.

Aizu (English)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aizu

・・・・・・・・・

I think，religion and violence is one set to aggression.

However，if he was son of Nakamaro.　

Although he was part of the spirit of the era before.

He had lost all the family at the end of the struggle for power by his father.　

I think it is no wonder that he prayed for the victims of this conquest wars that his father had started. 

※I think "become a Buddha" of the mainstream sect is ”salvation of my soul”.
 "become a Buddha" of Tendai sect is ”salvation of souls”.※

gold

Fugun（prisoners army） was used to the suppression of this rebellion.

"The barbarian conquer by the barbarian is good way."

Had been said so since ancient times.
However, Emishi also got a reward unchanged with others after suppression of this rebellion.
Of course, this would also had mean conciliation with Emishi.

At the same time，abolition of ”farmer half-soldier half” system.
-People of the land was repeated the army work in shifts of about sixty days

And changed to "Soldier standing" system called "Chinhei".
Literal translation of "Chinhei" is soldiers to quell.
They had been conscription in vicinity of Tokyo　
(Of course there was no place called Tokyo at that time.)
They had became a mainstay of conquest army after this.
And maybe they were the basis of the SamuraI.　
　
Government office was created as a front-line base called "Tagajo".
Tagajo place names are still remaining near the Sendai city.
And Tagajou had been extensive damaged by the tsunami in last year.　

※Tagajō, Miyagi  (English)※　
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagaj%C5%8D,_Miyagi

・・・・・・・・・　
　
After this rebellion， because improved treatment of Emishi and epidemic of plague，conquest was not much.
　
Secretary of this land who was a descendant of the Baekje royal family of Korea named ”Kyoufuku”.
He therefore abolished Chinhei in 746 AD.

But in 757 AD, those in power at that time who named  "Fujiwara-no-nakamaro"  revived chinhei.
Then he was appointment to the Secretary of this land to own son.
And resumed the conquest.
From 774 AD to 881 AD、Conquest war was began called "38 years war".

By the way，there was some event going on during chinhei had been abolishing.　
　
”Gold is not exist in Japan land.”

Everyone had been thinking so.
In 749 AD，gold was discovered in this area.
　

emishi

Well，I back to the northeastern part of Japan of early dynasty era.

In 719 AD, Japanese dynasty was create a governance system called "Azechi".
Azechi was job title.
Talk of provisional  ”California governor has jurisdiction over the western United States”.
The equivalent of this California governor was Azechi.

Dynasty developed a governance system and tried to strengthen the regime.
But next year , Azechi of this land were killed and great revolt of Emishi occurred for the first time in history.

・・・・・・・・・
　
Emishi was not that of certain peoples.
Also that wasn’t a self-proclaimed.
Peoples outside of dynasty cultures and society who lived in the northeastern part of Japan.
They were collectively called Emishi.　
They were the subject of conquest in the process of spreading the sovereignty of dynasty.

Oddly enough，aristocratic of dynasty was in awe of the combat power of Emishi while disdain.
For example，person who had the name of ”Emishi” were many in influential people of the time.

After surrender，emishi called ”Fusyu” by conqueror.
Then they were organized as military called "Fugun".

Literal translation of "Fusyu" is captive prisoners.
"Fugun" is prisoners army.
It is not a good word.

By the way literal translation of "Emishi" is  prawn barbarian.
Of course it is not a good word.
　
However, person who had the name of ”Emishi” were many in influential people of the time

・・・・・・・・・

Having said that.
Foray into this land of the sovereignty of dynasty since the mid-7th century that was mainly peaceful immigration.

The resistance of Emishi against immigrants is expected.
Ensured security for people after immigration.
In that case only，”Seii” had been done.
Literal translation of "Seii" is conquer barbarian.


Of course many cases public office called "Jousaku" was established into a peaceful.
Jousaku was guarded by soldiers with the defense facilities.
Secretary of Jousaku was called ”Kokushi”.
He was leader of that region including the surrender people of Emishi.

However，it is from the perspective of dynasty.
Emishi had their perspective.

In 720 AD，great revolt of Emishi occurred for the first time in history.

first contact

 i made song
Your spaceship has falling down to me through a gap in the sky.
I arrived to your heart tonight.

downfall of the empire Japan

”Emperor is the sacred presence.　Infringement can’t never."

After the Meiji Restoration，Japan was invited Europeans and Americans in all areas in order to achieve rapid modernization.

Constitution of the Empire of Japan.
Therefore that might have been a mere copy of a constitutional monarchy's constitution in Europe. (for example monarch of Prussia)
　
However east and west．
Different cultures，different society.
Japan had a western modern constitution at first time in such a situation.

That might remnant of ancient patriarchal dynasty of Japan.
I think that constitutional provisions meaning was different naturally.
（Or comprehension of constitutional provisions by japanese.）


The Emperor is "monarch" under the modern constitution.　
The Emperor is "an absolute presence".
When the end of the 19th century.
The Emperor was present as having its two face at the same time in modern state.
　
・・・・・・・・・

The 20th century, before a few years of the outbreak World War II.
Japan was the era of Emperor Showa.
A paper about the Emperor became a big issue in Japan at the time.
　　
"Emperor agency theory"　
　
The Emperor is the sacred presence ，infringement can’t never.　
That is a figure of speech.
The Emperor is one agency of the Nation located under the law only.　
The Emperor is presence to approve a resolution in the Diet.
Of course, there is no veto.
　
・・・・・・・・・　
　
"This theory is serious irreverence to the Emperor."
"Can’t forgive never."　
　
Persons who called patriots said so，and this paper was became a big issue.
At such time，Emperor Showa said "Emperor agency theory is right." (by unofficially)


Because the emperor showa himself had a exchanges with European monarchy.
Just maybe he thought so.

”The modern Emperor's presence is under the law.”
　
That was the thought of him.　
So the thought of himself did publicly never.
（like approval to the emperor agency theory）
Because，he will have an big effect on public opinion by such remarks.
That become serious arrogation as one agency of the Nation.
　
・・・・・・・・・　
　
Well after this the person who wrote this paper was downfall. （was repression.）
Therefore the emperor agency theory was downfall.

When something is down, something is up.　
　
”Emperor is the sacred presence.　Infringement can’t never."　
”Japan is the kingdom of God.”　
　
The Patriots won.　
What happend to history after this?
You well know.　

meiji restoration

This is a digression.

In Japanese, there is a word "issyou-ken-mei".
This word is used on a daily basis.

issyou (one lifetime)
ken (put on the line)
mei (life)

"Risk my life"

If this word had been literal translation to English that is like that.
In fact this word will be translated "very hard". （by google translate）

When dealing with something difficult case.
In that case this word is used to indicate the enthusiasm of their own.
（Of course，it is regardless to the enthusiasm of the actual.）

・・・・・・・・・
　
By the way，"issyou-ken-mei"  that word originally was "issyo -ken-mei".
issyou and issyo
”I don’t care either.”
You may think so.
But two word meaning in japanese.

issyou (one lifetime)
issyo (one place)

"Issyo-ken-mei" that word literal translation to English "risk my life for one place".

Land is not presence of subject to exploitation.
Land is presence that put on own life.

Maybe their actual faces were farmers of the regions.
Spirit of the samurai of the late 12th century are living in Japan today.
　
・・・・・・・・・
　
Well main issue.

Meiji Restoration occured after about 700 years from the revolution of the samurai.
The era of samurai was over by it.

The king of the samurai "syougun" was overthrown to make the world of the Emperor again .　
Therefore the name of the Meiji Restoration is a restoration.
　
But Japanese people had tried to reborn in a modern nation at that time.
This restoration was revolution in fact.　
And there was the presence of the Emperor as a centripetal force of that revolution.
　
"Reverence to the true king"　
　
This thought came over from China had been popularized in japan at that time.　
For this reason, reverence to the Emperor was common to Japanese at that time.　
Also that thought became the ideological basis to overthrow the fake king "syougun".　

・・・・・・・・・　

And also this thought was the basis of issue of the social system which continued until the 20th century.
After about two decades of the Meiji Restoration, modern constitution was enforced.
The Emperor became monarch of modern constitutional monarchy certainly by that.
But also there was a provision of the following meanings into constitution.

”The Emperor is the sacred presence. Infringement can’t never."

samurai

Well I wrote "I had always thought this comic theme is Emperor system of Japan".
However there is one problem here.

"This Emperor system is Emperor system of what era?"

・・・・・・・・・　
　
Dynasty era in japan that was a clan society with a focus on the Emperor.
This era's Emperor system might be like a patriarchy.
The aristocratic in the capital had a monopoly on wealth and power in Japan.
The Emperor is the father of their，and was priest to pray to god (defend the country) also.

By the way this era had a brilliant dynasty literature.
Many works that remain today.
But even if read it，we can’t understand well about the ordinary people at the time.
There wasn't their presence there.

・・・・・・・・　

Samurai was mere soldier for the aristocratic at first.
But they had the power on gradually as the regions big farmer.

Samurai's thought were distinctly different from the aristocratic of the capital.
The land was not presence of subject to exploitation.
The land was presence that put on their life.
They hoped new nation system to protect their rights.
　
・・・・・・・・・

The 6th century at least the Emperor had ruled the country.
Then about the middle of Dynasty era，the Emperor's power migrated substantially to kingmaker of the aristocracy.

Because it has been achieved in such a way that become maternal relative of the Emperor, it wasn’t a complete power shift.
But the Emperor's power significantly reduced.
　
Then in the latter half of the dynasty era，region samurai had the power gradually.
Also social contradictions had been surfaced gradually.

”Kingmaker's power weakened.”　

At that time，fundamental issue of the political system might have been misunderstood to Policy issue of kingmaker of the aristocracy.　
The Emperor tried to regain the lost power.　
But era had weakening the political system itself than kingmaker of the aristocracy.
The Emperor didn’t notice weakened of himself.
Even if the Emperor was able to get the power again，it was a house of cards.　

・・・・・・・・・

The first that was a power struggle between the aristocracy of the capital.
Samurai took part there as a soldier.

But they were not presence compliant of the aristocracy already.
They claimed their rights to the aristocracy.
The aristocracy were overwhelmed by them.

Then war occurred.
Samurai finally established a regime of own to local city called Kamakura in 1192.
Then the Emperor had authority but didn't power at all.
That continue until the Meiji Restoration in 1868.

Land is not presence of subject to exploitation.
Land is presence that put  on own life.

That is，this thought had been established.

 ・・・・・・・・・
　
Then the Emperor had "authority" but didn't have power at all.　
I think it was a good thing for the Emperor.
Hundreds of years when the emperor has become only the presence of "authority".
During that period,a lot of kingmaker had vanished.
But the Emperor had spent without any serious errors because didn’t have the power.　
　

"authority"　＝　Honorary position without power
"authority"　≠　Person who has the power at that time.

The meaning of ”authority” of this blog is above.

　

akira

※Those who don't read the "AKIRA" can't understand this sentence maybe.※

Katsuhiro Otomo's comic "AKIRA"

The near future of that time，1986．
Mysterious huge explosion occured suddenly at the center of Tokyo city.
And outbreak of World War III as the wake of that.
The world situation had changed completely by that explosion.

Also central area of Tokyo city was destroyed completely by that explosion.
Therefore new city "Neo Tokyo" had been constructed in Tokyo Bay　after World War III.
　
And then about thirty years passed.
This story begins from there.

Yes，is so.
This Akira’s world isn't exist Emperor.
Of course, this is my personally idea only.
Have not been mention there in the story.

However I think also this Akira’s world is exist Emperor.
I had always thought this comic theme is "emperor system" of Japan.

・・・・・・・・・　

By the way my write "Emperor" doesn't equal the symbol Emperor of reality.
For example Yukio Mishima's Emperor doesn’t equal necessarily the Emperor Showa as its meaning.
Mishima's Emperor was a symbol of beauty complete not exist in this world.
And the symbol Emperor of reality is symbol of democracy nation Japan.
Maybe that is the same feeling.

That aside.

This Akira’s world is exist Emperor in fact.
As Akira.
I think Akira is metaphor of "Emperor system" of Japan.
　
・・・・・・・・・　
　
AKIRA
A person who had caused a huge explosion of 1986.
He has absolute destruction powers.
　
By its absolute power.
By incitement person who want to use its power for own's ambition.
He has been deified presence to the people after awakened from a long cold sleep.

But the actual Akira is a emotionless child who don’t talk at all.
He doesn't seem to have the feeling.
In fact，incitement person is just using his presence only.

Nobody knows.
He has powerful emotion and power to ruin the world.　

burial

There was anthology named "Manyoshu" of japanese poems that was made around the 8th century.

”Soul of the dead will go to the mountain.”

Sang also in that poem.
However there was no poem about the body that is left.　
　
Soul was most important for Ancient Japanese people.　
Body after the soul had been disconnected.
That was regarded as not important.　
　
・・・・・・・・・　

Burial customs began in 11,2 century in the aristocracy.　
Then it was spread to the masses.　
　
"You can go to joudo if you are burial to Koyasan."　
　
"Koyasan" is head temple of the Shingon sect of Kukai.
At the time, there were many informal monks who preach so.
　
This burial customs had linked with thought of Joudo in mountains.
And burial was began in lingshan of throughout japan

”That way body and soul meet again in mountain.”

They believed so.

・・・・・・・・・

The mid 11th century，there was a man named Abe-no-sadato in northeast region of japan.
Era he was alive, there was a great revolt there.　
　
At that time，originally people who lived of this land called "Emishi".
（Not the name of a race.）
They had been exploited as people who were conquered.　
　
He battled as a member of the rebel，and he was executed after revolt defeat.　

・・・・・・・・・

There is active volcano named Issaikyou mountain on north of Joudo-daira.
Issaikyou meaning is Complete Buddhist scriptures.

"Abe-no-sadato did buried Issaikyou to this mountain."

There was its legend，and it had became the origin of the name of Issaikyou mountain.
However just maybe buried ones in the mountains that was his body, not Buddhist scriptures.
Or dead soldiers bodies who fought with him.

Of course that was burial that pray for happiness after death.

and we lived happily ever after

The mountain was a place of worship for the ancient Japanese people.
　
"Mountain is place climb to heaven for soul of the dead."
"And mountain is place God has come down there."
　
They thought so about mountain originally.
Incidentally there is a word "Joudo" in the Buddhism.　

"Paradise, which is in the land of endlessly far west.”

India Buddhism thought so about Joudo originally.
Joudo and Mountain worship.
After Buddhism introduction to Japan，these two thoughts was linked and transformation by the japanese people.

"There is Hell valley of Buddhism on the mountainside."　
"Soul of the dead go up the mountain through there and reach Joudo of the summit."
”Heaven as Joudo is exists in the mountain familiar of ours.”　
　
Maybe around the beginning of the 11th century，Japanese were allowed to establish the thought that.
After further period，late 12th century era.

”Joudo is a golden world.”

Such a thought had established in Buddhist culture in japan.

・・・・・・・・・
　
There is a word ”Tokoyo” in the religion of the Japanese originally.
Tokoyo was considered ”The land of forever life” that is across the sea by them.
　
This forever life was also included meaning "once died person".
Because if die once, not die again.
In other words the land of forever life was also the land of the dead.　
　
　
By the way there is a word ”Hourai mountain”in Taoism of China.
　
”In Hourai mountain across the sea is exist the elixir of life.”
　
There was such a legend in China.　
Some cases of old books in Japan,Tokoyo was written as Hourai mountain.
So there was effects of Taoism to Japanese thought in addition to Buddhism.
　
・・・・・・・・・
　
Well，Joudo-daira of Azuma mountain in Fukushima.
Azuma mountain is very beautiful foliage in autumn.
That landscape is like a golden world.
Joudo-daira is landscape like a Hell conversely.

In this case，we go up the mountain through golden world and reach Hell of the summit.
I feel like that.
　
But come to think of it，Joudo-daira is mere plateau.
There is not at the top of the Azuma mountain.
　
In other word，we go up the mountain through Hell and reach in Hourai mountain of the land of the dead.
The land of the dead is also the land of forever life.

And we lived happily ever after.

joudo is exists in the mountain familiar of ours

I wrote "Joudo is Pure Land".
Or I wrote "Joudo is like a Heaven"
On this occasion I write "Joudo is Paradise".
　
Is not consistent completely. (lol)

I write Joudo is like a Heaven for Japanese people.
Please think so roughly.

Of course the concept of Heaven in the East and West may be different.　
（Christianity and Buddhism.）　
　
However Buddhism in Japan might affected of ancient Greek philosophy.
(It brought by Kukai.)

Conversely，the concept of Heaven in the Western might affected of India Buddhism Joudo.
For example there was Alexander's eastern expedition.

・・・・・・・・・
　
By the way civilization in China was already in ancient japanese era.
Around the 2th century，there were exchanges already between the two area's person.
Therefore there was affect of Taoism of China to the ancient Japanese thought.

About the same time, Buddhism was introduced to China.
However Buddhism was introduced officially to Japan at the beginning of the 6th century.

・・・・・・・・・

Going back to.　

"Paradise, which is in the land of endlessly far west."
India buddhism thought so about Joudo originally.

”Mountain is dead soul climb place to heaven.”
"And where God has come down there."

Ancient Japanese thought so about mountain originally.
After Buddhism introduction，these two thoughts was linked and transformation by the japanese.
　
”Joudo is exists in the mountain familiar of ours.”　
　
Maybe around the beginning of the 11th century，Japanese were allowed to establish the thought that.